Essential Oils and Aroma Medicine Research News

Essential Oils Positively Effect Immune Response

2010-03-12T12:05:00.003-07:00

Why Disease is Prevalent

Humans have been given an incredible immune system ? able to ward off some of the nastiest of microscopic invaders. Yet, if this defense system is compromised due to an overload of toxins (from the environment, our diet or our stress level), cells tissues become exhausted and susceptible to attack. Since environmental toxins are on the rise and pathogens seemingly on every nook and cranny, it is important to maintain a healthy immune system. If the immune system is compromised, a breech in wellness occurs. This can lead to a vicious cycle of sickness leading to more sickness and eventually disease.

Supporting Our Health by Strenghtening Immune Response

In these modern times, many are familiar with the stress-relieving qualities of essential oils as well as their antimicrobial properties. Such characteristics of essential oils are helpful in supporting a fully functional immune system; stress and microbes are known to weaken its army of defenses. Few are aware that essential oils can actually strengthen the capacity of the immune system directly to fight off foreign invaders.

Essential Oils for Fighting off Disease

When we bang our leg, get a sliver in our hand or cross paths with infectious entities the immune system is recruited and responds with inflammation ? a tool to heal damaged cells and tissue. This initial inflammatory response is vital to restoring the injured area, yet prolonged inflammation can lead to a number of debilitating and often painful diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and even cancer. Research has established that essential oils have the ability to inhibit detrimental inflammatory processes that contribute to disease. Scientists are now investigating the actually mechanisms by which essential oils can enhance the immune system directly.

Melaleuca Eseential Oil Helps Out

At the Laboratoire de Botanique in France (2006) researchers were able to identify that Melaleuca alternifolia was able to regulate the amount of inflammatory-causing secretions found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In so doing, natural anti-inflammatory agents, known as cytokines, were still able to be created and thus boosting the body's ability to protect and restore itself. This in itself is quite a finding, especially for individuals suffering from conditions associated with chronic inflammation.

Inducing Natural Killer Cells

In our magnificently crafted bodies, we have what is called natural killer cells, or NKs. Their job is to kill viruses and diseased cells such as cancer cells. At Nippon Medical School in Tokyo, Japan (2006), scientists found that phytoncides (essential oils from wood) increased NK activity and restored activity when cell lines were damaged (purposely induced). Researchers proposed that the reason for this effect is that phytoncides induce immune cells that destroy unwanted cells and microbes - perforin, granzyme A, and granulysin respectively.

Ginger Essential Oil Controls Immune Response

At Zhejiang University Medical School in China (2006), scientists looked at the ability of ginger essential oil to regulate immune system functions. Using mice (bless them for their sacrifice), these researchers were able to identify that ginger essential oil can exert suppression of T lymphocytes (a component of the cell-mediated immune response) in cases where such a response is actually harmful to the body, such as with chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases (like Crohn's disease).

Concluding Thoughts

The level of complexity of our immune system is astounding. This collective network composed of organs, cells and proteins seeks to protect the body from bacteria, parasites, funguses and viruses, as well growth of tumor cells. Those designated with such a task need to remain healthy and fully capable. When the well-being of this system is compromised, recent research suggests that essential oils are capable of stimulating the immune response or redirect its energies when necessary.

Aromatherapy Get's More Validation by Scientific Inquiry Every Day

2010-02-13T13:33:00.000-07:00

Aromatherapy Use in History

The use of infused aromatic plant oils as a means to restore as well as maintain wellness has been used for centuries. Coined as the term "aromatherapy" since the 1900s, this therapeutic medicinal practice of using essential oil continues to be used for both physical and emotional needs. Aromatherapy is fast becoming a noted and requested therapy in many parts of the world.

Application of Aromatherapy

The approach to realign the body is mostly through inhalation, direct contact absorption and to a lesser degree ingestion of the essential oil either as a dilute or for some mild oils undiluted. With inhalation, the oils are thought to penetrate the bloodstream via lungs to activate the limbic system and emotional centers of the brain. When applied to the skin (usually in a carrier oil), they activate thermal receptors and kill pathogens (such as bacteria and fungi). If taken orally, essential oils are thought to activate the immune system.

Confirmation in Modern Science

In western culture, validation of medical therapies comes through empirical research. Rising popularity of aromatherapy with main-stream society has prompted researchers to take a closer look at this ancient therapy. Although still largely unproven by a wide breadth of research, preliminary studies, both in vitro and clinical, show positive effects using this medicinal therapy.

Cancer: Aromatherapy is used as mainly a supportive care for people with cancer, specifically for increased sense of well-being and to offset nausea associated with standard cancer treatments. According to the National Cancer Institute, few peer-reviewed studies show a significant difference helping patients with cancer despite an increase in its use by patients. Reviewed studies call for more in-depth research to be conducted.

Immune Booster: At the Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Italy (2008), researchers looked at the influence of eucalyptus essential oil on the monocytic/macrophagic system - one of the primary defenses of the immune system against pathogen attacks. Results indicated that eucalyptus is able to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response, prompting the possibility of developing a new group of immuno-regulatory agents.

Anxiety: Laboratory results (using animals) indicate statistically significant differences when aromatherapy was applied. Clinical trials are few. Yet, one joint review by the Universities of Newcastle and Northumbria, United Kingdom (2006), looked at the pharmacology of essential oils and found evidence that essential oils exert measurable psychological effects in humans. Researchers concluded that aromatherapy provides a potentially effective treatment for a range of psychiatric disorders, especially since the side effects are minimal (if non-existent) compared to conventional psychotropic drugs.

Pathogens: Due to rising concern over antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, much investigative work has been done on the efficacy of essential oils to counter these mutating microbes. Most published studies have found that topical applications of essential oils have significant antimicrobial activity.

Concluding Thoughts

Recent science studies indicate that aromatherapy is effective for conditions such as anxiety, depression and boosting cellular immune functions. In many of the studies reviewed, scientists are suggesting further research (rather than dismissing) for possible uses of essential oils as an alternative or complement to conventional medical practices. What has been used for centuries might soon find its place amongst hospitals and medical offices world-wide. The evolution of plant phytochemicals over millennia has served in the preservation of their species. It is likely that such chemicals will be soon sought after on a larger scale for human survival as well.

Latest Research Validates Bergamot's Anti-Stress Effects

2010-02-10T17:22:00.002-07:00

This is a very interesting study validating aromatherapy's aroma-therapeutic action. It gets directly to the heart of the matter, the brain, as its in the brain that a response occurs from smelling an scent. Our smell sense is the only one with the direct connection to the brain, while all the others have their signal travel through something to get there. And the smell sense is wired right to our most primitive centers, the ones that control emotions, among other things.

Scientists in Italy have elucidated the way bergamot oil lowers stress-induced anxiety and affects mild depression. They go on to note that there is firing of brain cells in such a way that the essential oil "is able to interfere with normal synaptic plasticity". This process occurs in the area of long-term memory formation. That means that it interferes with the process of making a neural connection stronger when repeatedly expose to stress.

For example, think about feeling a familiar stress over and over. It doesn't get easier to take, in-fact that stress becomes unbearable (this is different than a good stress, like exercise). That's because the neural-pathway has been made stronger and stronger, so the same stress seems more intense. Bergamot essential oil makes it so that strengthening of the pathway doesn't occur, or is lessened anyway.

Bergamot essential oil is used for it's anti-stress effects, as well as it's ability to lessen the perceived intensity of pain. And the researchers note that because the mechanism is understood, bergamot it should be used in complementary medicine, alongside conventional medical techniques. Making the statement about complementary medicine gets one thinking about the rest of aromatherapy. Anytime on is using an oil's aroma for a desired emotional or psychological response is probably eliciting some change in the neurochemistry.

Chamomile Essential Oils: Truly Soothing Therapeutics

2010-01-25T18:22:00.002-07:00

Depending on what part of the country you live in you may or may not be familiar with chamomile and its characteristics. If you have been in cultivated fields or along roadsides in moderate climates that you probably recall this fragrant daisy-like plant regarded as one of the gentlest essential oils available. Chamomile refers to two different plants with similar yet varying characteristics ? German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) which is the more popular and Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis). These true chamomiles are botanically placed in the Asteraceae family and used to treat similar human conditions, yet their life cycles and size are quite different. German chamomile grows low to the ground and is an annual herb with flowers on single stems. Roman chamomile however grows to about 36 centimeters above the ground, is a perennial species and has branched flower stems.

The active ingredients of both chamomiles set them apart from one another. German chamomile has been found to possess sesquiterpenes (chamazulene) and sesquiterpenols (alpha-bisabolol), the strength of which is hard to find in any other oils. These two molecular components are mainly responsible for Maticaria?s strong anti-inflammatory and antiallergenic properties. The chemical profile of Roman chamomile is rather different in nature, containing nearly 80% esters, an amount rarely found in essential oils. These esters provide Anthemis with its noted soothing effects, ability to relieve spasms and cramps and to some extent anti-inflammatory properties. It is well regarded in essential oil circles that Roman chamomile, even in very small concentrations whether alone or in combinations with other oils has a soothing effect.

The essential oil distillates as well as their fragrance of these true chamomiles are distinguishable. German chamomile is characterized by its dark blue/green color and viscous consistency and has a strong, sweetish warm herbaceous aroma. Roman chamomile however is pale-yellow in color and more liquid in nature with a softer scent than Matricaria, having a tea-leaf odor with an infusion of fresh apple. Anthemis is suggested as an oil of choice if using for an aromatic. For other uses, German chamomile has had a wider breadth of research and is more commonly used.

Historical Uses

Since antiquity, chamomile has been used to calm frayed nerves, to treat various digestive disorders, to relieve muscle spasms, and to treat a range of skin conditions and mild infections. Chamomile in general is regarded as one of the gentlest of essential oils and safe to administer to children. Because of their varying chemical compositions, these two species of chamomile have certain shared treatment capabilities and ones that stand out between them.

German chamomile flowers are extensively used in teas and its oil used widely in cosmetics. Depending on the developmental stage of the plant, the quantity of alpha-bisabolol will differ reaching a maximum at full bloom. Together with chamazulene, these active ingredients provide an excellent topical anti-inflammatory. The cooling, harmonizing effects of German Chamomile make it effective against nervous tensions, migraine and all kinds of stress related disturbances.

Roman chamomile has been used medicinally in the Mediterranean region for over 2000 years and continues to be a popular remedy. For centuries, parents have used this species to assist in calming crying children and relieving the pain of teething. The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recognizes this herb for the treatment of dyspepsia (indigestion), nausea, anorexia, vomiting in pregnancy and dysmenorrhoea. It is also known to helps relieve cramps, spasms, and can assist in mild shock. Topically, Roman chamomile is known to soothe sensitive skin and overall used as a calming agent, specifically to alleviate anxiety and stress.Interestingly, studies indicate that the white headed variety of essential oil may have more potency as a sedative that the yellow-headed variety.

Recent Studies Using Chamomile

According to the University of Maryland website (www.umm.edu), studies have identified chamomile as possessing antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties as well as antispasmodic (relax contracted muscles, especially in the intestine) properties.Over the years, researchers have been investigating chamomile for its medicinal applications. In the last five years alone researchers have found chamomile to be an effective virucidal agent, an effective partner with antihistamine drugs and as a nerve tonic for young men diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD).

When I was in college, viruses were quite the unresolved topic of discussion -- are they alive or dead? And, why are they so bizarre in shape and character?Although this paper does not address such questions, it does investigate the effectiveness of chamomile as a virucidal agent. Viruses are often the cause of sexually transmitted diseases. Genital herpes is known to be a chronic, persistent infection that continues to spread and transmit disease through the population. In the Department of Virology at the University of Heidelberg, Germany (Phytomedicine 2008 Jan; 15(1-2): 71-8) scientists screened for inhibitory effects of chamomile against herpes simples virus type 2 (HSV-2). This study found that chamomile exhibited a high selectivity index for inhibiting HSV-2 in vitro and thus conclude that chamomile is a promising topical treatment for herpes genitalis.

Antihistamines are always a topic of discussion, especially in the spring. Conventional treatment for histamine reactions such as rashes, itchy skin and sneezing is usually with topical or oral pharmaceutical drugs. Such drugs sometimes have side effects and are not always effective. A study done by Nigata University, Japan (Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2005 Oct 3; 101(1-3): 208-12) found that German chamomile was able to assist with effectiveness of antihistamine drugs in mice. What impressed the researchers was that administration of the antihistamine alone could not resolve puritus (itchy irritation) but when combined with chamomile essential oil the antihistamine effectiveness was greatly enhanced. One could thus conclude that chamomile is a safe and even necessary herbal remedy for those that suffer from allergies and wish to increase the effectiveness of medications specified for their known allergens.

It is common to read or hear about schools reporting a rising number of students being diagnosed with ADHD. Statistics published by the Center for Disease Control (www.cdc.gov), state that 3%-7% of school-aged children suffer from ADHD, which rates being possibly higher in certain communities. Boys are also more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls.A very recent study (Phytomedicine 2009 Apr; 16(4): 284-6) examined the effects of chamomile on behaviors of boys ages 14-16 that were clinically diagnosed with ADHD. noted that the subjects exhibited a reduction in behaviors associated with ADHD such as hyperactivity and distraction. Since chamomile is regarded as a gentle and safe botanical medicine, it is apparent that chamomile would be a first consideration when treating children with ADHD.

Concluding Thoughts

Chemically, German and Roman chamomile are quite different, yet their gifts of service to support health and healing are centuries old. Matricaria recutita, or German chamomile, is more popular and more researched of the two, having exceptional anti-inflammatory capabilities. Anthemis nobilis, or Roman chamomile, is softer in fragrance and well regarded for its sedative properties, particularly known for alleviating anxiety and stress. These true chamomiles have been welcomed by parents throughout the ages for their gentleness and assistance in alleviating pain associated with teething infants. Recent medical research has found remarkable qualities of chamomile as a virucide, an enhancer of antihistamine drug effectiveness as well as reducing unwanted behaviors in teenage boys associated with attention-deficit disorder (ADHD). It can be safely concluded that chamomile is an excellent botanical medicine suitable for all members of the family.

Research Shows Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils

2010-01-17T12:14:00.002-07:00

For much of mankind's history, people have used herbal treatments to reduce pain and inflammation in joints and muscles. The bark of the Willow tree has given us 'the wonder drug' for pain reduction, which actually occurs due to a reduction of inflammation. Now, many professional therapists lay-practitioners are turning to essential oils for inflammation reduction and pain relief. Essential oils provide a very simple means of reaping the anti-inflammatory, analgesic potential of natural medicine, as all one need do is put a few drops of essential oil into a base oil and massage in for quick, sometimes long-lasting relief.

A look at the most recent research gives a long list of abstracts where scientists have validated the inflammation reducing potential of essential oils. The oils used in today's therapies have been carefully distilled to retain their medicinal potency. This means that they can have very complex natural chemical structures, and depending on the plant, a powerful inflammation-reducing action. Some obvious oils are distilled from plants that they themselves have long been used for this purpose -- particularly Ginger and Turmeric. Carbon-dioxide distilations (a new, cold-process method of making essential oils) of both these plants have been included in patented inflammation-reducing formulas. These CO2 distilllations are readily available for any practitioner to employ in their formulas.

Just published in the Journal of Lipid Research are the results of an investigation in Japan confirming the anti-inflammation activity in several essential oils.This supports the selection of many essential oils used in pain relief and anti-inflammation formulas. The oils shown to reduce inflammation through suppression of the COX-2 pro-inflammatory enzyme included herbs, like thyme, clove and fennel; rose; eucalyptus; and even the citrus bergamot. The oils considered to have the strongest anti-inflammation activity used in aromatherapy were not even examined, which can mean that there are naturally a great many compounds found in essential oils that have an anti-inflammatory effect.

The most pronouced inflammation reduction in the study came from the essential oil from Thyme herb. Further, some of the individual natural constituents of the essential oil were examined, and it was discovered that carvacrol had the strongest activity. Carvacrol is found in many essential oils, and is most often considered aromatherapy's most potent anti-bacterial, and has been directly implicated in boosting immune system function in other scientific studies. There seems to be a link between inflammation reduciton, immune system function and longevity (the inflammation reducing power of the essential oils studied was compared to red-wine extract, implicated in potentially extending lifespan). The study did not go so far as to elucidate the actual mechanism of reducing inflammation, but it would not be suprising if this activity were a factor -- carvacrol, as well as thymol -- the other major component of Thyme essential oil -- are well-known antioxidants.

Geranium Essential Oil Offers Many Therapies, Fights 'Superbug'

2010-01-12T10:55:00.004-07:00

Historical Insights Into This Very Diverse Plant Genus

Commonly known as geranium, species of Pelargonium are widely cultivated around the world. Of the hundreds of varieties of this perennial shrub, only about a handful are actively cultivated for commercial use. There is an actual botanical genius called Geranium that shares the same family as Pelargonium, known as Geraniaceae. Although they are similar, their uses are quite different. Pelargonium is cultivated and used in perfume and aromatherapy, while Geranium species grow almost anywhere except in water logged soil and sometimes used in the horticulture trade. Physical differences are also apparent with Geranium (commonly known as cranesbill) having symmetrical flowers and Pelargonium having irregular or maculate petals. Gardeners have taken up the practice of distinguishing the two by using their genus names versus their common names.

Although geranium has been used for thousands of years going back to the Greeks and Romans, it was not until the late 17th century that this plant, indigenous to South Africa, was introduced to Europe. Soon after European introduction hybrid cultivars were created and distributed around the world. During the Victorian era, potted rose geranium was often kept in parlors in order to revive the senses. Another Victorian practice was to place geranium leaves in finger bowls at formal dining tables. Today, as in Victorian times, the most widely used Pelargonium species is Pelargonium grave lens, or rose geranium. The essential oil of rose geranium is prized by aroma therapists and cosmologists alike. P. graveolens is used in aromatherapy for its medicinal applications such as an antiseptic, as a haemostatic (stops bleeding), a tonic to regulate the nervous system, a diuretic (to treat edema) and a hormone balancer. In the perfume industry, rose geranium oil is often mixed in or even replaces the more expensive rose petal essential oil. Cosmologists also use this aromatic oil in lotion, soaps, shampoos and creams. One might presume that geranium essential oil comes from the flower alone, yet it is the leaves and branches where the oil glands are found and through a process of steam distillation the oil is extracted. In order to increase the yield of oil during this procedure, processors will often partially dry the plant.

Beginning in the 1880s the much revered French perfume industry established extensive plantations of geranium on Reunion (a small French island located in the Indian Ocean). Geranium oil is also produced in other parts of the world namely China, Egypt, and Morocco. Geranium oils are usually distinguished by its country of origin prefix with the Reunion (known as Bourbon) essential oil regarded as the most significant variety of geranium oil due to its pronounced rosy fragrance as well as potent medicinal qualities.

Geranium Oil May Bring Hope to Hospitals

In the last decade there has been a rise in attention given to antibiotic-resistant microbes, especially ones that cause severe infectious diseases and lead to fatality. On the first day of this new year of 2010, researchers from the National University of Ireland in Galway announced to the world that disinfectants can cause bacteria to resist antibiotics. Their study, published in the January 2010 issue of Microbiology, looked at the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to increasing levels of disinfectant. (P. aeruginosa is a bacterium that is a known occupant in hospitals, causing a wide range of infections in hospital patients. Standard hospital procedure is to use a surface disinfectant to prevent the spread of bacteria. If bacteria manage to survive and in turn infect patients, then antibiotics are administered.) The researchers found that P. aeruginosa adapted to increasing levels of disinfectant and even developed a resistance to an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) without being exposed to the drug directly. More specifically, the researchers revealed that the bacteria had created a more efficient means of pumping out the antimicrobial agents (such as disinfectants and antibiotics) through their cell wall and developed a mutation in their DNA to resist ciprofloxacin-type antibiotics specifically. With such findings, the researchers concluded that such bacterial adaptations could be of great harm to hospital patients and advised to reconsider how disinfectants are used in hospital settings.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is wide-spread in soil and water and any surface in contact with soil or water. Yet, it is an opportunistic microbe and will only infect a compromised host or tissues of that host that have been compromised in some way. It is an epitome of an opportunistic host in humans. If a person?s immune system is compromised, it can cause urinary tract infections, respiratory system infections, dermatitis, soft tissue infections, bacteremia, bone and joint infections, gastrointestinal infections and a variety of systemic infections, particularly in patients with severe burns and in cancer and AIDS patients who are immunosuppressed. As seen above, P. aeruginosa can be a serious threat to patients in hospitals, especially patients with cancer, burns and cystic fibrosis. The case fatality rate in these patients is near 50 percent. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa infections in US hospitals is approximately 4 per 1000 discharges (0.4%). According to one report, the gastrointestinal infection rates among hospitalized patients increases to 20% within 72 hours of admission. With such findings, it is clear that other solutions must be found.

There are an increasing number of studies being published in peer-reviewed journals on the potent antimicrobial properties of essential oils, including geranium. A 2004 study (Burns 2004 Dec; 30(8): 772-7) found that geranium in combination with Citracidal (grapefruit seed extract) had great effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and in combination with tea tree was highly effective against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. These researchers concluded that essential oils serve as highly useful antimicrobial agents and in treatment of MSRA infection. A more recent study (BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006 Nov 30; 6:39) found that essential oils, including geranium were effective against Staphylococcus aureus, including the ubiquitous bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Further Consideration of Geranium Essential Oils as Medicine

For a number of centuries, nations and people groups have been using geranium oil for its various medicinal and therapeutic properties. In the last few decades, there has been an inundation of laboratory derived antimicrobial products for individuals to use and come to rely upon. Yet, current research is pointing to a distinct rise in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Medical services, especially hospitals are now being encouraged by researchers to restructure their current practices against infection and the spread of disease. With the very recent study from the National University of Ireland documenting that bacteria can survive in increasing amounts of chemical disinfectant, it is clear that other treatments will need to be implemented. Essential oils may just be part of the solution; the research indicating as such is quite promising.

The Many Benefits of Frankincense

2010-01-07T20:17:00.003-07:00

Historical Significance

In western Judeo-Christian culture, frankincense (otherwise known as olibanum in Arabic) is mainly associated with the Christmas Story of the Three Wise Men (Magi) who journeyed from the East (Arabia) to bring gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh to the Christ child. Yet, in other cultures around the world such as the Middle East, China and India, Frankincense has been used reverently for thousands of years for medicinal, religious and ceremonial purposes, as well as to beautify the body.

It was thought that the smoke from burning the resin of frankincense had divine powers and would provide a direct connection to God. Exemplification of its significance is evident with its inclusion in the tomb of the ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamen (1341 BC ? 1323 BC) as well as recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books dating back to 500 AD. The distinct Egyptian black eyeliner of seen in ancient Egyptian art was actually ground and charred frankincense resin known as kohl.

The origin of frankincense is traced back to the Arabian Peninsula. According to Herodotus (5th century BC Greek historian), "Arabia is the only country which produces frankincense, myrrh, cassia and cinnamon?" At one time, there was an active over-land frankincense trade route that started in the Dhofar region of Oman, went through Yemen and followed the Red Sea coast to reach Jerusalem and Egypt.

The production and trade of frankincense may have lasted for up to 6,000 years, spurring the creation of villages and towns along the route. Caravans of camels transporting frankincense were often targets of raids, since frankincense commanded prices equal to that of gold. It is likely that frankincense grew in areas across the Red Sea, such as Ethiopia and Somalia, but the initiation of the frankincense trade route began with gum resin from Omani trees. Due to raiding, desertification and other religious zealotry, the trade route dried up after about 300AD.

Extracting the Resin

Frankincense is a derived from the plant genus Boswellia, family Burseraceae indigenous to the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen and Sultanate of Oman), India and the Red Sea region of North-East Africa (Somalia and Eritrea). Incisions, about two inches long, are made in the trunk of the tree which then exudes a milky gum-like substance or resin. This resin, when exposed to air, hardens into droplets or "tears". These tears are allowed to dry for about two weeks before collection and then stored for approximately twelve weeks to harden. The exception is made for production of some essential oil. In this situation, the resin is not allowed to dry but collected as a semi-solid material, yet in most cases the oil is extracted from dried resin.

The method of harvesting, or tapping, of Boswellia varies according to species and the customs of the region. For example, in Somalia tapping usually occurs in two separate periods, each lasting 3-4 months with successive 15-day intervals. The period between harvests depends upon the onset and extent of rains. In India, the collection is done once a year, commencing at the end of October. In Oman, there are ancient rituals pertaining to resin harvest as well as a sense of guardianship for the trees passed down to each generation.

Active Components

There are numerous species and varieties of Boswellia trees; major species being Boswellia serrata found in India, Boswellia carteri in East Africa and China, Boswellia frereana in Somalia, and Boswellia sacra in Arabia. Quality of frankincense resin is based upon colour, purity, aroma and age. In general, it is thought that the more opaque the resin the higher the quality with Omani frankincense regarded as the best in the world. The majority of ultra-superior Omani B. sacra is said to be purchased by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said the ruler of Oman.

Active medicinal ingredients of frankincense have been reported in recent science journals to be sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, diterpenes and boswellic acids; compound variation differs between species and even among the same species depending upon the climate, geographic origin and harvesting conditions.

Medicinal and Therapeutic Uses

Compounds of frankincense have been found to exhibit in vitro (outside a living organism, usually in a test tube or Petri dish) antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodualtory (ability to regulate functions of the immune system) and in recent years immunostimulant activity. Studies have also found anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of Boswellia. It is thus apparent that frankincense has a wide range of uses. Selected below are just three traditional applications for treating illness and are currently of interest in medical research.

Injury: Powder of the dried resin of Boswellia is a common ingredient of herbal plasters and pastes to treat wounds. A recent study from Hebrew University, Israel (J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Jul;28(7):1341-52) indicated that Incensole acetate (IA), an isolated from frankincense resin, was shown to reduce neurological damage from head injuries.

Oral Health: The dried resin of Boswellia has been used to support oral health for thousands of years in Middle Eastern areas. It is common for Arabian people to place the resin in their mouths and chew it to strengthen teeth and gums. Known for its antimicrobial properties, it is also used to assist with infection of the teeth and gums.

Asthma: Much like arthritis, asthma is an inflammatory-caused illness. A 2006 paper from the University of Tuebingen, Germany indicates that boswellic acid, an active component of frankincense, has shown to act as an anti-inflammatory agent in preliminary studies. The paper further states that boswellic acid inhibits 5-lipoxygenase as well as cytokines and thus promising for treatment of asthma without the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusion

It is evident that frankincense holds historical and traditional significance. Research indicating the current medicinal value of Boswellia species is growing. Such positive initial results merit further investigation into potential clinical uses; it is now recognized that some of the ancient remedies may result in the creation of novel drugs. Such results also stir a sense of excitement and possibility for those seeking alternative treatments to debilitating and even life-suppressing illnesses. The value of frankincense was recorded as being a gift for the baby Jesus and is now a gift for modern people as well.

Reaching for Essential Oil as Medicine

2010-01-06T17:44:00.001-07:00

by Brenda Reynolds, MA Science Education, for The Ananda Apothecary

Scientists Turning to Aromatherapy

In the last few years there has been more attention focused on the consequences of using antibiotics and commercially produced antibacterial products. Reports of compromised immune systems and increased incidences of drug-resistant bacteria, fungi and viruses are well documented. Medical researchers are now searching worldwide for medicinal plants that have antimicrobial properties. The University of Heidelberg ?s Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology reported increased scientific interest in the effects of aromatic medicinal plants against illness-causing organisms. Although aromatic plants have been used for centuries for healing and vitality, it is good to know that conventional scientists are now discovering such knowledge in a conventional setting.

Self-care through Aromatherapy

People across the country are seeking methods of supportive care that maintain or restore wellness without side effects. The variety of alternative approaches to medical care is numerous. Aromatherapy, which is considered a form of alternative medicine using potent essential oils, has many dynamic healing properties. Essential oils (whether as a blend or solitary) can be used daily depending on the oil, and stored safely in one?s medicine cabinet.

Aromatherapy is known to work best for infections, aiding the nervous system and psychological and hormonal imbalances; it is fair for autoimmune diseases (the body attacking its own cells and tissues). One of the most noted successes in essential oils in the use for viral treatments and have emerged in science literature at being more effective than conventional antiviral drugs. An additional accolade for aromatherapy is that it is fairly simple to use, thus making it an ideal wellness method for those seeking to adopt alternative forms of medicine. Many types of alternative medicine require application from expert practitioners, aromatherapy allows for novice, at-home users. With some research, one can learn proper uses of essential oils and experience a sense of connection to self-care. However, one must recognize that some essential oils are safe and can be used with liberal application, while others require specific know how. As with any new practice, start simple and add with experience.

Stocking Your Medicine Cabinet

Below is provided some selected aromatherapy recipes from Valerie Ann Worwood?s book The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy. These recipes can be used for common ailments found in the cooler months. In order to receive the most potency from the essential oils, it is imperative to use pure oils. Reconstituted oils have some components of pure essential oils, but they lack the same integrity and may even cause unwanted side effects due to other included chemically processed ingredients.

For the Flu

There are quite a number of ways for using aromatherapy in treating the flu- from direct application (self-massage) to inhalation and even suppositories. Here we include a recipe for self-massage (the heat from rubbing your hands over your skin helps the oils penetrate the skin) as well as inhalation though means of a bath. (If you chose to use a bath method to dispense your essential oils, run the bath first and then add the essential oil(s). Close the bathroom door so vapors stay in the room and soak for at least 10 minutes relaxing and breathing deeply.) Directions: massage your body with a creation of 2 drops of tea tree oil and 3 drops of eucalyptus diluted in suitable carrier oil (such as coconut or apricot kernel oil). To use in a warm bath, add 5 drops of tea tree, 2 drops of lavender and 2 drops of thyme. Once vaporized, inhale deeply.

For the Common Cold

As with the flu, one can use suitable essential oils in a bath as well as with self-massage. In a hot bath place thyme (2 drops), tea tree (2 drops), eucalyptus (1 drop), lemon (3 drops) and inhale deeply. Massage a blend of lemon (1 drop), eucalyptus (2 drops) and rosemary (3 drops) in a carrier oil around the chest, neck, and sinus area (forehead, nose and cheekbones).

For Sinusitis

A combination of rosemary (3 drops), thyme (1 drop) and peppermint (1 drop) used in steam inhalation (a method of vaporizing the essential oil to then be inhaled) is effective for sinusitis. The technique for steam inhalation is to pour hot water into a non-plastic bowl, add oil and cover your head with a towel, lean over the bowl with your face about 10 inches away and keep your eyes closed. One may also combine rosemary (5 drops), geranium (5 drops), eucalyptus (2 drops) and peppermint (3 drops) for steam inhalation. For self-massage, add 5 drops of the blend in carrier oil and massage around the neck, ears, cheekbone, nose and forehead.

For Sore Throats

Create a combination of lavender (10 drops), tea tree (15 drops), lemon (2 drops), and ginger (5 drops) in a brown or blue glass bottle. Use 4 drops of the blended oil (or singling) on a warm compress twice a day over the throat. One may also use 5 drops mixed in 2 teaspoons of carrier oil and rub into the upper abdomen and back.

For Insomnia

Holiday parties, appointments and plans can often create anxiety and a distressed mind leading to insomnia. To remedy such a challenge, make a blend of clary-sage(3 drops), vetiver (2 drops), valerian (1 drop) and lavender (2 drops). Add 3 drops of the blend in a bath or 2 drops in carrier oil and rub over the body.

Conclusion

It is worth noting that change is taking place in our culture when it comes to health and wellness practices. University medical researchers as well as individuals and families are seeking solutions to a growing concern about resistant pathogens due to overuse of antimicrobial drugs and chemically derived anti-bacterial products. Science literature pointing to the valuable medicinal properties of essential oils is growing; the antimicrobial benefits of aromatherapy are gaining attention and being used by those new to alternative medicine and those seeking additional resources to health and wellness.

It must be emphasized that all oils purchased need to be well researched as to their quality. A majority of oils found in grocery stores and even health food stores are altered or reconstituted (combining isolates of an essential oil(s) with semi-synthetics and fragrance with the intention to match traits of pure essential oils). These altered oils are less active and more apt to causing allergies, irritations and even unwanted side effects rendering them unsatisfactory for their intended purpose. Pure essential oils are extracted from aromatic plants that are designed to heal not to harm. The use of essential oils is designed to promote healing and rejuvenation as well as recapture one?s sense of connection to earth.

Essential Oils and Cancer: An Untapped Resource

2009-11-08T17:54:00.001-07:00

Cancer in the Headlines
If one were to take survey of the largest concerns in modern America, at the top of the list would be the development of cancer. Headlines from magazines, newspapers and websites denote a rise in cancer among young and old alike. Concerns vary from how to escape this seemingly inevitable disease, how to pay for this disease if diagnosed, to all what is the most effective treatment against developing cancer in the first place.

Another shift in headline news is alternative treatments to often expensive and sometimes invasive forms of health care. More and more individuals are seeking ways to gain freedom from dependence upon pharmaceuticals, intensive scans and often impersonal treatments to both body and soul.

Essential oils are a rather inert yet highly effective method of treating ailments and supporting overall good health. These plant extractions are low in cost compared to often overarching methods of modern medical treatment and can be used safely by all ages.

This paper specifically addresses the rising interest of essential oils in research, specifically on the effectiveness in preventing and treating cancer.

What really is Cancer?
Cancer in general terms is growth of abnormal cells. The mechanism (found in the mitochondria of the cell) to stop the growth of the cell is interrupted or turned off. Once this process begins, these abnormal cells either invade or replace normal tissue. Such a process can occur within any parts of the body.

There are two main groupings of cancer cells: cancers that form in solid tissues like the liver, bone or brain and cancers that do not form solid structures and proliferate in the blood and lymph systems, such as leukemia and lymphomas.

Causes of cancer formation within the body are variable. Most cancers are now attributed an unhealthy lifestyle, dietary choices ? a diet rich in processed foods, genetics and hazardous chemical exposure either though air, water or direct contact.

According to a 2005 paper produced by the American Cancer Society (Cancer Facts and Figures, 2005), over one million new cancer cases were expected to be diagnosed in the United States alone. According to this publication, cancer is the second leading cause of death, taking the lives of 1 in 4 Americans.

Essential Oil Research
Conventional or orthodox medical treatments of cancer currently in use are chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Yet in the last few years, there is a rising interest among American laboratory researchers on the effectiveness of essential oils in preventing as well as treating cancer or combining essential oils with conventional treatments.

European practitioners have been using essential oils to treat various illnesses for years, even centuries. Yet, in the United States, it is now just stirring the interest of medical practitioners. In the paragraphs below a brief overview of current research on essential oils and cancer is provided.

Findings of Current Research
Numerous studies looking at various essential oils on the cytotoxic (killing of cells) properties of cancer cells have been conducted. The results are promising and hopeful. In the last three years alone, studies have found isolated compounds in essential oils to have noticeable cyotoxicity on cancer cells.

In Anticancer Research (2007 Sept.Oct; 27(5A):3293-9) University of Calabria, Italy published findings that essential oils from the Lauraceae families to inhibit human tumor cell growth in vitro (out of living cells, such as in a test tube or Petri dish) environments.

In the Journal of Ethnopharmacol (2006 Jan. 3; 103(1): 99-102) University of Quebec, Canada researchers identified compounds in the leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. that are cytogentic against tumor cells.

In Natural Product Communications (2009 Feb; 4(2): 271-4) University of Alabama researchers found compounds within the leaf essential oils of Oreopanax nubigenus, and Schefflera rodrigueziana (plants found in Costa Rica) that showed notable in-vitro cytotoxicity.

A recent study conducted by Canadian researchers found essential oils such as balsam poplar, when combined with Taxol (a chemotherapy drug) increases antitumor activity more than four times.

From the above, it is evident that each study looked at different essential oils and their cytotoxic compounds, yet each study had similar conclusions ? compounds found within essential oils have anticancer properties and can also increase the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments. Such findings are positive in nature and may drive medicine into another aspect of treating this disease.

Essential Oil Research Update

2009-10-29T11:04:00.005-06:00

These are abstracts of research studies recently published in peer-reviewed journals around the world, along with our summary and opinions.

This first study investigates anticancer potential of the essential oil of the 'Mosquito Plant' or 'Feverleaf Teabush', Ocimum viride. This oil is primarly composed of Thymol (found, of course, in significant quantities in Thyme essential oil), along with a number of sesquiterpinoids and other constituents. It is important to note when reviewing ANY research such as this, and particularly with anti-cancer research, that these are only preliminary studies. They do not deeply investigate the possibilty for development of a protocol for humans -- though they do pave the way for more research to be peformed in this medical realm using essential oils.

This study notes that the essential oil from Ocimum viride induces cell death in a particular line of colon cancer cells - inducing cancer cell death is a crucial component of any cancer treatment, as one of the features of any cancer is that the cells do not naturally die-off, but continue to replicate without natural limitations.

Study: Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of essential oil from Ocimum viride towards COLO 205 Cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Oct 20.

Sharma M, Agrawal SK, Sharma PR, Chadha BS, Khosla MK, Saxena AK. Oncology Group, Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine,
Jammu, J & K, India-180016.

"We investigated the apoptosis inducing effect of essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Ocimum viride in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (COLO 205 cell line). The COLO 205 cells were exposed to 0.0125 - 0.1 mul/ml of EO for 24, 48 and 72 h. Growth inhibition was determined by sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Double staining with Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide for nuclear changes was performed. Cell cycle analysis and change in mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by flow cytometry. Subsequently, using annexin V/PI assay, the proportion of cells actively undergoing apoptosis was determined. Changes in DNA were observed by DNA ladder assay. Eventually the surface morphology of apoptotic cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy."

"EO (essential oil) is cytotoxic to COLO 205 cells in dose and time dependent manner, as is evident by SRB assay. This observed cell death was due to apoptosis, as established by annexin V/PI assay, DNA Ladder formation and scanning electron microscopy. Our results reveal that EO has apoptosis inducing effect against COLO 205 cells in vitro and is a promising candidate for further anticancer study."

This second study investigated the in-vitro (in the test tube) effects of Tea Tree essential oil against the 'Swine Flu' virus. The study only looks at the direct eradication of the virus, and not at the way essential oils interact with the immune system (essential oils have been shown to improve immune system function in a number of ways). The study DOES conclude that Tea Tree essential oil can have a direct eradication effect on the H1N1 virus.

Study: In vitro antiviral activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Sep 18.

Garozzo A, Timpanaro R, Bisignano B, Furneri PM, Bisignano G, Castro A. Department of Microbiological and Gynaecological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Abstract Aims: To investigate the in vitro antiviral activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (TTO, or Tea Tree essential oil) and its main components, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene and alpha-terpineol. Methods and Results: The antiviral activity of tested compounds was evaluated against polio type 1, ECHO 9, Coxsackie B1, adeno type 2, herpes simplex (HSV) type 1 and 2 viruses by 50% plaque reduction assay. The anti-influenza virus assay was based on the inhibition of the virus-induced cytopathogenicity. Results obtained from our screening demonstrated that the TTO and some of its components (the terpinen-4-ol, the terpinolene, the alpha-terpineol) have an inhibitory effect on influenza A/PR/8 virus subtype H1N1 replication at doses below the cytotoxic dose. The ID(50) value of the TTO was found to be 0.0006% (v/v) and was much lower than its CD(50) (0.025% v/v). All the compounds were ineffective against polio 1, adeno 2, ECHO 9, Coxsackie B1, HSV-1 and HSV-2. None of the tested compounds showed virucidal activity. Only a slight virucidal effect was observed for TTO (0.125% v/v) against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Conclusions: These data show that TTO has an antiviral activity against influenza A/PR/8 virus subtype H1N1 and that antiviral activity has been principally attributed to terpinen-4-ol, the main active component. Significance and Impact of the Study: TTO should be a promising drug in the treatment of influenza virus infection.

Choosing The Best Diffuser For Your Needs

2009-10-24T11:02:00.002-06:00

Essential Oil Diffusers: An Amazing Array Of Health Benefits For Your Family

Essential oils are recently in the limelight of the alternative medicine scene. Professional aromatherapists have said for years that essential oils' greatest gift to mankind will be the treatment and prevention of infectious illness -- and now science is fully validating this claim. Plus oils have also been scientifically shown to make people happier and lower their stress levels (among a great many other therapeutic actions). What's the easiest way to use these wonderful natural medicines for yourself and your family? Simple inhalation! And what's the best way to do this? By using an essential oil diffuser. Here's a look at all the medicinal benefits of inhalation of essential oils, and a guide to choosing the right diffuser for your needs.

The Data Is In: The Science of Aroma Medicine

The big interests in home use of essential oils is twofold: 1) They can bring calm to overexcited youngsters while acting as antidepressants for everyone. 2) They have proven antibacterial and antiviral actions; they are able to destroy these microbes in the air, while simultaneously support the strength of our immune system. There's a good bit of scientific data backing both these claims available for free viewing at PubMed.Gov -- start by simply searching for "essential oil" and see where it takes you. Again, the easiest way to reap these benefits of essential oils is to use a diffuser to release the oils into the air in your environment. A diffuser simply evaporates oils faster than they would naturally, getting a therapeutic concentration into your living or office space -- but there are many diffuser styles -- we'll help you find the one best suited to your needs.

The Right Diffusers For A Healthy Immune System

You can imaging that in order to best disinfect the air in your surroundings, you'd need a little bit more essential oil evaporating then, say, the scent from an aromatherapy candle. To get this amount of output requires a "nebulizing" diffuser. To "nebulize" an essential oil means to make a very fine mist, which quickly and easily evaporates. Some diffuser manufacturers claim their diffusers make smaller droplets of mist than others, but the truth is they all will work. The droplets all "disappear" completely upon leaving the diffuser, without any residue around the machine. To best conserve your oils while still creating these therapeutic effects, you'll want a timer system too -- some come with them built-in, though the most versatile will be external, fully-programmable timers you can find online or in a hardware store.

The nebulizers come in two styles: "cold air" and "ultrasonic". The cold air units use only air pressure to diffuse the oils, and output the highest concentration of any diffuser type. The ultrasonic is essentially a small water-humidification unit, where oils are mixed with water and then evaporated. Both styles typically have output controls, so you can turn up or down the amount of oil being diffused. They are also both exceptionally quiet.

Simple Diffusers To Deliver Effective Aromas

Other styles of diffusers either gently warm the oils or use a fan to blow over the oils to evaporate them. Their intention is to get the oils in the air so you can enjoy their aromas -- and while this sounds simple, its actually therapeutically meaningful: The "smell sense" is the only one of the five senses directly wired to the control center of the brain (signals from the other senses travel through "switching stations" first). The result is that the body reacts to a smell without us thinking about it. Certain smells can lower blood pressure, slow heart rate, and help us sleep more deeply. Some users report feeling happier or calmer when inhaling particular scents, and other scents make the mind sharper -- improving test scores, reducing errors at work, and improving the efficiency of studying for school. A fan diffuser will blow air and evaporate oil from a cotton pad, and warming diffusers will safely (i.e. ok to use around children) and gently use heat to also evaporate oils from a pad. Both these styles are good choices for smaller areas, like a bedroom or living room.

Automatic On/Off Cycles For Best Results

The best way to use the least amount of essential oil for your needs is to use a timer -- either built-in to the diffuser or a readily-available appliance timer. For ANY application, whether simple aromatic use or medicinal needs, one need only be exposed to the diffused oils for a few minutes at a time. Aromatically, your "smell scent" will become quickly accustom to the aroma, and you'll start to think the diffuser isn't working anymore. Running the diffuser for only a few minutes every half an hour lets your nose "forget" the oils are in the air. The same principal works for disinfecting the air and immune-system support -- there's no need to over-saturate the air with essential oils. They are so potent that there's no need to continually diffuse a high concentration for these results.

Selecting The Best Oils For Your Needs

Each essential oil has a unique chemistry; the unique chemistry of each oil gives it its aroma and its therapeutic action. For emotional support -- oils that make you happy -- consider the "Needle" oils. Oils distilled from Spruce, Fir, and Pine needles are very popular to give your home the scent of being deep in the forest. You can imagine how pleasant that may be! Other anti-depressant oils include the citrus oils (virtually all the oils pressed from the peels of citrus fruit are considered very uplifting) and some folks really enjoy the florals: Rose Geranium, Rose, and Neroli. Lavender essential oil is THE most studied oil for calming and rest. There are many resources on the internet to help you find the oils you enjoy smelling, with the psychological energetic profile you're interested in. Most oils in this category are safe for all ages -- only Peppermint, used for invigorating mental activity, is not recommended for use with younger children.

For immune support and air-cleaning, there are many oils highly regarded for their antimicrobial actions. Bay laurel is very nice, and scientifically shown to be an effective anti-viral. "Plain" Lemon and Rosemary oils are excellent antibacterials, as is Lemon Tea Tree (very potent), Lemongrass, and Eucalyptus Radiata (shown specifically to help our white blood cells function better). Most oils that are sharper and brighter will be effective, but be careful as there are some herb-oils that are too strong to diffuse, like Oregano and Thyme, along with the spice oil Cinnamon. In any case, use your judgment with the aromas: if they seem to intense, they are -- and either switch to a different oil or turn down the diffuser output. Also be aware that children are MUCH more sensitive to essential oils than adults -- adjust your use as necessary, and consult a reputable guide to using essential oils with children.

In Conclusion: Diffusers Make Aroma-Therapy Simple

Essential oil diffusers are inexpensive and easily purchased at a local health food store and around the internet. Look for a unit specifically designed for use with pure essential oils, rather than "fragrance oils" (man-made replicates of natural scents -- there is no "pumkin pie" essential oil, for example!). If you're not sure which oils to start with, there are many guides and great books available, and many aromatherapy companies will have support staff to help get you started. The world of aroma-medicine is available to you, and diffusing oils in your home is a great beginning in this realm of natural medicine.

Therapeutic Skin Care: Effective Recipes for Beautiful Mature Skin

2009-10-19T14:44:00.003-06:00

Want to use a high-end skin care formula but are put off by the cost? Looking for something truly customized for your skin type? Feeling uncomfortable with all those ingredients you cannot pronounce? Why not make your own blend, with completely pure high grade botanicals at a fraction of the cost? Here's three fantastic recipes for woman's mature skin -- effective beauty care you can make at home quickly, and within a budget.

Concentrated Beauty Medicine: The Essential Oils

The heart of much of the finest natural skin care is made up of volatile plant extracts, otherwise known as essential oils. While some folks still see essential oils as some sort of New Age funny-smelling stuff, the truth is getting out: that essential oils really are medicine, and many of them are some of the finest skin care ingredients money can buy. There's even a whole bunch of scientific data to back it up (search pubmed.gov for "calendula" or "rosehipseed" and "skin" for example, and you'll see all sorts of papers). The essential oils make up the "active ingredients" of your formula, and the "carrier oils" into which they're mixed make up the "base". Creating a custom recipe is as easy as selecting a few essential oils and one or two carrier oils that suit your skin's particular needs, and mixing them together just as you would and recipe in the kitchen.

The Heart of Beauty Care: Rose Otto

On to the ingredients -- we'll look at several, and note which ones are best for each skin type. The heart of every formula for woman's mature skin care is also the premier beauty oil of all time: Rose Otto. This steam distilled variety of Rose essential oil is nearly miraculous in its therapeutic beauty care benefits for woman's skin. Rose offers a synergy of effects, being emollient, softening and hydrating in addition to being gently stimulating and cleansing. Amazingly, it is also considered astringent (remember its also hydrating at the same time) and can heal redness, broken capillaries and inflammation. It is somewhat costly, but for your recipe, you'll only need a few drops -- the smallest size available will virtually always be enough, and probably enough for several bottles of your recipe. And oh MY, even those tiny amounts smell simply Out-Of-This-World!

Super Healing Calendula

Next we'll choose an oil that's highly nutritive, protective, and healing at the same time: Calendula. Infused oil of Calendula is all that used to be available, but now a high-tech (but still natural) supercritical carbon dioxide extract can be found in the essential oil section of online stores. Look for Calendula CO2 "Total". This is an amazing extract from an amazingly healing flower. Tons of research notes its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antioxidant actions. Calendula "infused oil", where the flowers are soaked in another oil like Olive, has been used throughout history for soothing sensitive skin -- now the CO2 extract gives you the flexibility to easily add this precious ingredient to you recipe -- a very highly recommended choice!

Stimulate, Regenerate and Cleanse

We'll also add something truly regenerative -- one or more essential oils that really helps the skin look and feel ALIVE. Three excellent choices are Rosemary Verbenone, Helichrysum italicum, and French Lavender. Rosemary has also been used in skin care for hundreds (maybe even thousands) of years. Cleansing and invigorating, Rosemary increasing the metabolism of skin cells (more nutrients in and more waste out). The Verbenone type contains a natural constituent considered by therapists to speed tissue regeneration, making healthier skin faster! Helichrysum is more potent than Rosemary as an anti-inflammate, and regenerative, but not quite as stimulating to cell metabolism or as strong an anti-septic. Lavender is likely the most common of the regenerative skin care essential oils; its very gentle, soothing, balancing, and cleansing -- its also quite floral, so if you like earthier aromas, choose Rosemary or Helichrysum, if you enjoy flower-scents, go for the Lavender.

A final two essential oils with significant therapeutic action in skin care: Green Myrtle and Sandalwood. Both of these oils are considered highly balancing, bringing oils back to a healthy middle ground. Sandalwood is excellent for both oily AND dry skin, adding a pleasing, grounding, earthy aroma to your formula (it is quite popular in men's skin care too). Myrtle is astringent, tightening, antiseptic, and has a fresh, bright, herbaceous aroma with a lemony-twist.

The Base of Every Formula: Therapeutic Carrier Oils

On to the base of the formula, the "carrier oils". These are oils cold pressed from nuts, seeds and fruit. Olive oil is an example, but we'll use ones more therapeutic for woman's beauty care. Virgin Coconut oil is the foundation of every recipe. It has a host of therapeutic properties itself: it is antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral (just in case!). Coconut oil is also VERY hydrating and is known to balance hormones in the skin on a cellular level (which can clear up a number of skin "conditions" -- acne being one of them, dry irritated skin being another). Kukui nut oil, also from the tropics, is another amazing, healing base oil with numerous skin care benefits similar to Coconut. Kukui oil is beneficial for all skin types bringing a gentle softness and silkiness to the skin. Both of these oils blended in equal amounts make a wonderful base into which to add the essential oils -- OR you may use one or the other, in combination with this next amazing oil...

Rosehip Seed: Nature's Anti-Wrinkle Solution

Cold pressed from the seeds of wild roses, grown high and arid regions of South America, comes Rosehip Seed Oil, Rosa Mosqueta. A study done in 1983 at the University of Santiago, Chile, revealed the exceptionally therapeutic activity of this oil for smoothing the skin in every respect: it reduces wrinkles, smooths skin color, significantly slows further skin aging, reduces scar appearance and more. Rosehip seed should NOT be used by those currently susceptible to acne breakouts, as its ability to increase skin-cell turnover can exacerbate this particular situation. For everyone else, mixing Rosehip seed and the tropical nut oils creates an incredible synergy of effects. So lets mix up some of this beauty magic!

Putting It All Together

Ingredients: 1 dark glass bottle 30 or 60ml (1 or 2 ounces). Blue cobalt is beautiful. Brown is also appropriate. You'll want to use a dark colored glass to protect the essential oils. Also: 1 funnel, Essential oils of choice, Coconut oil (warm to make liquid at room temperature), Kukui nut oil
To Mix: Measure into the bottle your essential oils of choice. Fill the rest of the bottle with the approximate amounts of the indicated carrier oils -- they need not be as exact as the essential oils. Spiral the bottle and allow to blend for 2 hours or longer. The scent will become more and more delicious over time. Use 2 x day on clean skin. Each recipe is for one fluid ounce of blend; you can make more by multiplying the amounts however many times you'd like.

Healing Beauty Formulas For Every Skin Type:

Recipe #1: For dry skin with smile lines: Rose Otto 8 drops, Lavender 12 drops, Calendula CO2 6 drops, based in equal parts Coconut, Kukui oil and Rosehip seed oils.

Recipe #2: For mature skin with scars and smile lines: Rose Otto 6 drops, Lavender 8 drops, Helichrysum 6 drops, Rosemary V. 6 drops, based in equal parts Coconut, Kukui oil and Rosehip seed oils.

Recipe #3: For irritated or sensitive skin: Rosemary Verbenone 8 drops, Lavender 6 drops, Calendula 6 drops, Sandalwood 6 drops, in equal parts of all three base oils.

Recipe #4: For skin that is oily or combination: Green Myrtle 10 drops, Lavender 8, drops, Rosemary V. 6 drops, in equal parts of Kukui and Coconut oils only, no Rosehip Seed.

And there you have it: incredibly effective "mature skin" care blends for every woman. Once you make one of these yourself, and realize you may have just made yourself the best skin care formula EVER, you can experiment a little with one or more of the hundreds of essential oils available. Each has unique therapeutic properties that are highly compatible to our skin. Here's to your happy, healthy glow!

Kukui Nut Oil - An All-Around Super Carrier

2009-10-10T12:42:00.003-06:00

Kukui oil
Botanical name: Aleurites moluccans
Origin: Hawaii
A semi-clear oil liquid with little to no odor. Blends well in most formulations.

Of all the Hawaiian trees, the Kukui has the lightest colored foliage. A lovely silver powder on its leaves make it quite conspicuous in the forest makes it easy to spot. The trees often grow in gulches and on the lower slopes of the mountains with the branches reaching 30+ feet above the ground. Trees branch 30 feet or more above the ground and at the end of the branches small greenish-tinged white flowers. These Kukui has small green tinted white flowers that are often seen entwined in leis. The Kukui nuts are contained within the fruit.

In 1959 the Kukui nut tree became the official state tree of Hawaii. Scientists have found traces of Kukui pollen in ancient geological deposits, making the assumption that the Kukui tree is indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands. Many natives to the Hawaiian islands use Kukui nut oil to protect their skin as well as the skin of their beloved children.

High in Vitamin C, D, and E and various other antioxidants. Kukui oil contains 8.1% saturated fatty acids, 15.3% monounsaturated fatty acids, 43% linoleate, and 33% linolenate. Kukui nut oil is invaluable for rejuvenating and healing skin providing moisture and nourishment to dry, mature, and damaged skin. Excellent for use on skin with psoriasis and eczema as well as skin that has been damaged by the elements. Kukui oil does not 'cure' psoriasis or eczema (as this requires a complete systemic protocol), but it does provide effective relief from the symptoms. Currently, Kukui is being used in some Hawaii hospitals and in several cancer centers for the care of radiation burns on cancer patients.

Kukui is a wonderful carrier for massage blends as it is excellent for dry and damaged skin and leaves a fine and silky feeling to the skin. Additionally Kukui nut oil is great for those with sensitive skin making it a wonderful oil for natural skin and body-care products.

Do NOT expose Kukui Nut Oil to extreme heat.

Calendula Oil: Nature's Proven Wound Healer

2009-10-07T17:56:00.001-06:00

Infused Calendula oil has long been used as a component of natural skin care preparations for its special soothing properties. The oil of the flowers had not been available as an essential oil for most of its history, as the flowers had been too delicate to process in the typical steam distillation process. With the recent introduction of the Supercritical cold-extraction process, a concentrated Calendula CO2 essential oil is now readily available, making it very easy to include this wonderful concentrated in any skin care and wound healing recipe. This new Calendula extract has been the subject of much research over the last several years, confirming its nearly miraculous regenerative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions -- further encouraging its use for natural skin care products, whether purchased already blended or for you to make a personal formula at home.

Calendula flowers, a particular kind of Marigold, is a genus of 20 species of herbaceous plants in the Daisy family. Calendula infused oil -- made by soaking the flowers in olive oil -- is highly regarded as a base of soothing skin formulas, with cooling and hydrating effects. It has been a popular ingredient in formulas for eczema and baby's needs -- or anywhere skin irritation is being addressed. The infused oil had limitations in that the base oil needed to be the infused oil itself, limiting other carrier or base oils included in the formula. Even very small quantities (1-3%, or 8-24 drops per ounce) of the essential oil added to your recipes can have dramatic results.

With an essential oil of Calendula finally available, great flexibility of formulation has been afforded to the home user. This oil is often noted as Calendula CO2, indicating the use of pressurized carbon dioxide (the natural gas which becomes liquid at high pressures) used for extraction of the active constituents of the flowers. The product of this new extraction process has been the subject of MANY scientific inquiries, available through pubmed.gov, the database of the National Institute of Health. A search for "Calendula" currently produces 195 results, with abstracts published in peer-reviewed journals around the world.

The research focuses on several of Calendula's healing properties. Scientists have investigated the following effects of Calendula: an increased rate of wound healing, treatment of radiation burns from chemotherapy, powerful antioxidant activity, inflammation reduction, liver protection, plus anti-parasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, antispasmodic and even anti-tumorial effects. Most of the conclusions of these studies straightforwardly hail the healing effects of Calendula; in Volume 20, 2009 Journal of Basic Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, Indian scientists note "The data indicate potent wound healing activity of Calendula officinalis extract". Other researchers concluded in the 2009 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology: "Results suggest a protective role of the flower extract of C. officinalis against...hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) and cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity)...has been found to contain several carotenoids of which lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene predominate...action of the flower extract may be due to its antioxidant activity".

One can read a great many of these studies coming to the same conclusions -- that Calendula extract (ie. the CO2 essential oil) has nearly miraculous healing powers. So then, how to use it? Let's have a look at some classic methods.

The easiest uses of Calendula essential oil will be in externally-applied topical formulas. Simply include a few drops per ounce of your recipe. For example, an excellent wound-healing AND anti-inflammatory blend could be made with 3 milliliters of Helichrysum italicum essential oil (a profound wound-healing and pain relieving essential oil) and 1 milliliter Calendula essential oil in a base of equal parts Tamanu, Coconut and Rosehip seed oils. This would be useful for treatment of wounds after accidents or surgery (while it should not be applied directly to open wounds -- around the open area would be fine). A stronger formula would be useful for deep tissue injuries, like sports injuries, muscle strains, sprains and the like. Use up to 25% Helichrysum and 5% Calendula in a simple base of pure Jojoba oil, massaging into painful areas up to 3 times daily. This type of formula utilizes the strong anti-inflammatory action of Helichrysum along with the wound healing and antioxidant effects of Calendula to speed healing and relieve pain of connective-tissue damage.

Topical therapeutic application may be best performed using the practice of reflexology. Calendula and other essential oils used for support of the liver and kidney can be massaged into the reflex points of the feet corresponding to these organs. These points are directly behind the ball of the foot (away from the toes, toward the arch) -- the liver point is in-line between the big toe and the second toe, the kidneys in-line with the split between the 4th and pinky toe. These areas can be massaged, with the practitioner and massage recipient communicating to find the exact points most in need of attention. An excellent detoxifying blend can be made with Calendula (10%), Helichrysum (3-5%), Blue Tansy (5%) and Carrot Seed (5%) in virgin Coconut oil. This same blend can be diluted in half again and applied on the body in the regions of the organs themselves.

Calendula extract is also safe for internal ingestion, listed as GRAS, or Generally Recognized as Safe by the FDA. A few drops can be ingested daily for simple antioxidant support, and the oil, while not particularly flavorful (tastes like strong green/orange flowers), can be ingested without dilution (unlike other 'hotter' essential oils). For more complete antioxidant protection from essential oils that are 'GRAS', consider Sea Buckthorn CO2 (3 drops daily, a nicer flavor) and Clove CO2 (1 drop daily -- this is a 'hot' oil and will require dilution in warm water or olive oil). Injestion of Carrot Seed, 1 drop daily, is recommended in the aromatherapy literature for liver support. The oils can be dropped in a en empty cellulose capsule and easily ingested this way. Ingestion also provides a means of utilizing the organ support offered by Calendula; while protocols are developed for human use, low dosages such as these are considered both safe and therapeutic by aromatherapy professionals.

Swine Flu Prevention with Essential Oils?

2009-09-29T19:38:00.002-06:00

In not so many words, some of our customers have been asking how they can use aromatic botaincal medicine (otherwise known as essential oils) to help 'prevent' illness and infection from swine, bird, and various other forms of the 'flu'. Folks have been humbly cautious about making a big deal of the issue, while kindly and fairly seeking our advice in the use of essential oils as a tool to help prevent the transmission of viral illnesses.

We would like to offer our opinion, and we would like everyone to know that it is just that, a collective opinion from persons with some experience with essential oils and herbal medicine -- yet none directly with the prevention and treatment of swine flu specifically as there is no none 'treatment'. It is combined wisdom of practitioners, users and others involved in the essential oil and natural medicine industry, with a significant background in herbal and botanicals, and natural medicine in general. We cannot say that essential oils will prevent and/or cure this illness. These are simply the oils we would choose, and the ways we would use them ourselves, along with other dietary, lifestyle and nutrient/herbal factors that we personally might employ.

Research Supports Essential Oils as Anti-Viral Agents

Our recommendations regarding oils specifically have two primary foundations: there is a large body of evidence that can be searched at www.pubmed.gov, making available peer-reviewed scientific abstracts regarding the anti-viral AND immune system modulating effects of essential oils. We have seen much of the data, and have abstracted it for human use (much of the research has been done on a variety of viral cultures, for example, not specifically on human beings with swine flu). This has been done as best we can with our combined level of education and collective of knowledge. The second foundation is from two persons with advanced naturopathic degrees with the company, both as an owner and as staff, and an environmental eco-scientist who affords the science-based perspective. Again, this is not meant as medical advice to prevent, treat or cure any disease. This is simply what we ourselves will do with the oils and other plant medicines available to us to maintain our own health at the highest and most vibrant levels possible in the face of the possibility of exposure to the influenza virus.

Antiviral and Immunostimulant Activity of Essential Oils

We'll begin with the two features of essential oils that we would consider helpful in this situation. Aromatic plants have an extensive history or both anecdotal (traditional) use AND empirical scientific data support the concept that essential oils can both boost immune system function, and directly destroy certain viruses. Some essential oils are considered very potent immunnostimulants (remember these components are considered the immune system of the plants themselves)-- we would personally consider the use of Frankincense, Melissa, Lavender, Thyme, Eucalyptus Radiata, Tea tree, and Melaleuca ericifolia (also known as Rosalina). A few other oils, while likely also having some effect on immune system action, are often called for traditionally to treat viral illnesses with the idea of direct eradication of the virus. The ones we would personally consider are Bay Laurel and Ravensara. There are certainly other oils that are used to support immune system function and as anti-virals -- this list is not meant to be exhaustive, but to include the oils we see as helpful to ourselves if we were presented with the need for prevention of infection from swine flu (or avian flu, or really any pandemic influenza for that matter).

How We Use The Oils For This Purpose

There are two primary methods with which we would use these oils -- using a nebulizing diffuser, as well as topical application. On occasion, we may ingest 1-3 drops of oil at a time, up to 4 times daily (more on this in a minute). THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEANS to impart protection of the oils, we believe, is through the use of the diffuser. It must be a nebulizing style, preferably one that does not mix the oil with water (although these are appropriate where children will be around the devices, for their lower concentrations of the oils are appropriate for the young ones). A nebulizer is a devise which makes a fine mist of esssential oils (pure oils, singly or blended, without a carrier oil). In the office, we diffuse the Super Immune blend using a professional cold-air nebulizer. The mist this makes is so fine that the oils evaporate completely upon leaving the diffuser. This diffuser style provides the highest concentrations of essential oils in the air, significant enough to both eradicate pathogens and boost immune function. Warming oil diffusers and candle diffusers are helpful but not as effective for this are this use.

Duration of Diffusing Oils

Oils should be diffused in regular intervals throughout the day (with reduced activity and contact through the night, diffusion is then optional). This interval can be very short -- on the order of 5 minutes every hour. One should never feel overwhelmed with the aroma, or that the aroma is unpleasant. That's one's body telling them they've had enough. In this case, first reduce the output and/or duration of diffusion. If necessary, try to evaluate whether there's one oil in your formula (if using a blend) that may be causing the overwhelmed sensation (too much Melissa can be overpowering, just as to much Jasmine can be 'heady'). Again this method provides both the potential to disinfect the air AND boost our immune system at the same time.

Topical Application and Sprays

Sometimes diffusing oils is not always practical -- if one is traveling, topical application or a small spray bottle can be used. A 10% concentration of a mixture of the oils mentioned here, diluted in Virgin Coconut Oil (virgin coconut oil has been noted to have antiviral properties itself) can be massaged into the feet -- a highly receptive area of the body for essential oils -- and into the lymph nodes: on the throat, in the armpits, in the groin area (careful to limit contact with sensitive body parts) and on the sternum (the chest bone). The skin may be most receptive after a warm shower. This topical application allows the oils to penetrate to regions of the body responsible for immune defense. A concentration of 10% can be figured by adding 3 milliliters (about 80 drops) of essential oil to your base oil.
A small misting bottle can easily be made by adding a 10% concentration of essential oils to pure spring water. The oils and water will naturally separate, though a simple 'good shake' of the bottle before spraying mixes them enough. If this is done in a 1oz bottle, the blend is easily portable, and small enough to take with you in any travel situation. One can mist their environment, their clothes and body -- just keeping the spray away from the face. Like diffusing, topical application or misting should be done frequently, as the essential oils are rapidly metabolized. Small, frequent applications (3 times a day or more) may be best.

In addition to diffusing the essential oils, we suggest you use the essential oils as a natural cleaner for your counters, door and phone handles, and other high use areas. We will post some natural cleaning formulas on our site and there are various companies that use essential oils in their cleaning products including Seventh Generation, Sun and Earth, and other eco-minded companies. Some recommendations include Lavender, Lemon, Lemon Verbana, Pine, Rosemary, and Lemon Tea Tree.

Essential Oils As Part Of An Overall Immunity Program

Its important to keep in mind that there is likely no single addition to one's daily routine that will provide complete protection from any illness, be it swine flu or any other cotangent. Wellness is always a balance of how we manifest our lives in alignment with nature. The immune system is related to the water element and the emotional body. Flower essences are known to support emotional health and lessen stress; Five Flower Formula is an excellent all-around choice. Make sure that you are drinking adequate amounts of pure water. We like the formula .5 x body weight = ounces of water per day. (Move to this amount over time.) Take good care of your emotions - you are worth it! LOVE yourself. FORGIVE yourself and others. Keep opening to the beauty and love that is your birthright. Smile, laugh, skip, dance, and play more. Humor and love are two of the best medicines available. As always, a good 'live-it' (notice 'diet' is a four letter word!) including substantial amounts of organic fruits and vegetables is an important foundation to having a fabulously strong immune system.

Adequate exercise on a daily basis can help to move the blood and lymph, clearing out stagnant energy making way for a healthier more vibrant mind and body. Stress-reduction and mindfulness techniques such as yoga, meditation, and prayer are also important. Natural sunlight every day can help to bring you in balance with the rhythms of nature. Therapeutic touch such as massage and acupuncture are both very good for de-stressing as well as the health of the circulatory and immune systems.

There may also be other nutriceuticals (vitamins, etc), Superfoods, and herbs that can match one's personal needs. We are fans of Camu Camu (a rainforest fruit high in natural vitamin C and bioflavinoids), 'Green' supplements including blue-green algaes, chlorella, and spirulina (we prefer The Synergy Company's 'Pure Synergy' as well as David Wolfe's 'The Sun is Shining') and food-based enzymes, and multivitamins. In addition to bringing in more 'superfoods' (to help nourish us from the inside out) it is very important to get adequate amounts of rest. Deep sleep is the time when the body has the opportunity to repair and rejuvenate itself. Lavender and Chamomile essential oils can help with rest. Add a few drops to your pillow or warm bath in the evening before retiring and rest deeply and soundly. If your mind is busy at the end of the day and you have difficulty resting you can also use warm sesame oil on either your feet or gently rubbed into your hair to help calm the nervous system. If you are unsure of how to incorporate these in your lifestyle, check with a naturopathic physician, wellness coach, or herbalist for recommendations. Can essential oils be used for swine flu prevention? In our opinions, the scientific data and the historical use of these plant medicines can play a roll for many people.

Essential Oils - Nature's Strongest Anti-Virals

2009-09-22T16:40:00.009-06:00

The body of scientific evidence regarding the potency of plant medicines against a great variety of viruses is growing. And with the concern of viral illness in the headlines, now is the time to investigate all the ways you can protect your health and the health of your family. Essential oils from many plant families have now been demonstrated to have antiviral properties in laboratory research across the globe. These essential oils are readily available at health food stores -- though the most consistent high grade therapeutic quality may be from internet sources. Using essential oils for immune system support is a tried-and-true application of these powerful natural medicines. In fact, most medical aromatherapists consider the most important use of essential oils in medical applications will be for the prevention and treatment of infectious illness (see Dr. Kurt Schnaubelt's 'Medical Aromatherapy').

The Data Is In: Immunostimulants and Direct Anti-Viral Action of Essential Oils

For the treatment and prevention of infectious illness, essential oils are used for two purposes: the general strengthening of the immune system and the direct eradication of viruses. A great many peer-reviewed research papers have been produces showing the efficacy of essential oils for both purposes. Using the database of the National Institute of Health (www.pubmed.gov) one can review the data by searching for terms such as 'essential oil virus' (currently producing 93 results) or 'essential oil immune' (producing 143 results) and the like. Essential oils have been shown to actually increase the power of lymphocytes (the immune system's troops, so to speak), making them better able to eliminate foreign invaders in the body (viruses, bacteria, and the like). Oils can also increase the speed at which the immune system produces antibodies to eliminate an infection. Using one or more oils topically (they are easily absorbed through the skin) or in a diffuser on a daily basis can support this effect (more on which oils to use in a minute).

Perhaps even more exciting is the number of research papers showing the direct effect of essential oils in actually killing viruses. To those in the natural medicine field, this is not so astounding -- essential oils work as part of a plant's immune system, and plants need to defend themselves from viruses as well. And the viruses which infect plants are not all that different from the viruses that infect humans -- their envelopes and other structures are fairly similar (though with different transmission strategies), such that the mechanisms of killing the viruses will still be useful for human use. The same oils that are effective against SARS and HSV should show some, if not all of the same activity against H1N1 (also known as Swine Flu) and H5N1 (Avian influenza). At the same time, essential oils are relatively non-toxic for humans, allowing for regular use as both preventative and healing agents. In fact, when studying the anti-viral effects of essential oils, researchers found that normal cells seemed to acquire a special resistance to viral penetration, though the mechanism for this effect is not yet known.

Choosing the Right Oils for the Strongest Immunity

For these applications, essential oils can be characterized by the desired effect. Certain oils are considered especially effective as immunostimulants -- when looking for any sort of support of the immune system, it is always crucial to take into account the vitality of one's overall health. Obviously a person in poor health, or even in a very poor emotional state, will be more susceptible to infection than those in tip-top health. Those individuals reporting lower levels of stress will also have the best immune system function. In this regard, Frankincense essential oil, particularly Boswellia carteri species produced by carbon dioxide extraction, is considered one of the most highly effective oils.

Other oils to consider to bolster one's overall vitality (with a stronger immune system as a result) are Bergamot (highly regarded as an anti-depressant), Rosemary (for assisting detoxification, therby lessening the load on the immune system), and Lavender (an anti-stress agent, as well as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial). These oils can be used via any classic aromatherapy method -- topical massage on the feet surprisingly may be the most effective, as the feet are highly receptive both energetically and biochemically to essential oils. Diffusing these oils, again singly or in combination in a nebulizing diffuser (which makes a fine, easliy evaporated mist of the oils in the air) is a simple way of protecting your entire household (the directly anti-vial oils can be used in this way as well).

The Anti-Viral Essential Oils: Melissa Officinalis

The collection of scientifically validated research of the ability of essential oils to act directly against viruses has exploded in the last several years, with more interest in this field growing dramatically in 2009. Many oils have shown to be effective not only in petri dishes, but in living subjects as well. Melissa, also known as 'Lemon Balm' is an essential oil distilled from an herb with a long history of use in natural medicine. It is one of the only oils thought to be able to completely eradicate the Herpes Simplex virus in humans, and prevents the virus from transmitting from cell to cell. While somewhat costly (if the oil is found at a price that seems to good to be true, it is more than likely not 'true' Melissa), the oil is only needed in very small amounts to be effective (Dr Schnaubelt, in 'Advanced Aromatherapy' consideres a 1:100 dilution to still retain the efficacy of the pure oil). Melissa is safe for human ingestion and direct topical application.

Melaleuca Alternifolia: All Purpose Tea Tree

Tea Tree, because we've all been using for so long, slips our mind when considering oils for more 'serious' applications. Yet the naturally occurring terpines in Tea Tree are among the most potent anti-viral constituents found in essential oils. Yet not all of us are very fond of Tea Tree's aroma; what's important to know that Tea Tree actually has a wonderful 'nutmeggy' aroma when it's fresh ? and Tea Tree happens to be one of the essential oils that is better tolerated when it's fresh (if the smell is unpleasant, it's likely old or not of good quality). The research backing the antiviral action is probably more comprehensive than any other essential oil. While aromatherapists do not consider Tea Tree the first line of defense for influenza, it could certainly be a helpful component in blends with other appropriate oils for this purpose.

Essential Oils Specific for Influenza

A great many other oils are recommended by medical aromatherapists for infectious illness which may be transmitted through airborne contact. Bay Laurel (also known as Laurel Leaf or Laurus Nobilis) is mentioned by researchers as particularly effective in eradication of the virus causing SARS, and should certainly be included in any anti-viral formulas. Eucalyptus Radiata (also known as Narrow Leaf Eucalyptus) has been called the 'Aromatherapist's Designer Oil' for its pleasant aroma AND its immune supportive and anti-viral action. Ravensara aromatica (not to be confused with Ravenstara) is used for bronchial infections. Hyssop is another oil thought to have potent anti-viral activity; it naturally contains a very broad array of natural constituents which creates this potency. Finally, the essential oils from Thyme and Oregano herbs are strongly antimicrobial, and are often called for in immune and cold care recipes. These oils are very strong, and should be used with caution ? only used in small amounts in diffuser blends of very diluted (to less than 5%) in topical formulas.

Putting It All Together

Making your own formulas for home use, whether in a diffuser or for topical application is exceptionally easy to do. Don't be wary of mixing your own ? once you do it, you'll find it fun and educating, likely even giving you more personal ownership and understanding of the use of oils. For diffuser use, an example formula may be equal parts of Bay Laurel, Eucalyptus Radiata, Tea Tree, Hyssop decumbens, and Ravensara. If you find any of the aromas overwhelming, just reduce the portion of the blend of that oil. So you could just pipette 1 milliter of each oil into a seperate bottle, then use this formula in a nebulizing diffuser. The same formula can be mixed for topical application by blending 1 part of this recipe into 9 parts of a carrier oil (such as gently melted virgin Coconut oil ? which is considered to have antiviral properties itself) and used as a daily foot massage. Melissa oil can be included if you wish to enhance the formula. Rubbing this blend into the areas of the body where the lymph nodes are close to the surface is also recommended: the sternum, armpits and neck are receptive areas. If you choose to use the blend in a diffuser, remember that the carrier oil should then NOT be used (it will not evaporate properly!). All these oils are included in our Super Immune blend, in a full-strength recipe. See http://www.anandaapothecary.com/essential-oil-blends.html

The same essential oils can be mixed in a small spray bottle for traveling. Again, a 1:10 dilution in water, mixed in a 1 ounce bottle with a spray cap, vigorously shaken, can be taken along on a plane. You can mist yourself and your environment using this, and even your hotel room and rental car can be 'treated' with your mixture. A final note on blending and use ? as essential oils are highly concentrated, be sure to keep them away from the eyes, and out of the hands of younger children (please consult a practitioner if you intend to use these formulas with the young ones; while the recipes are appropriate, the concentration of essential oil should be significantly lower for children under 12. In no case should the oils be used with infants).

If you would like further assistance, please email us at info@anandaapothecary.com.

Essential Oils Studied as Protective Agents for Neurolgical Disorders

2009-09-13T13:07:00.002-06:00

Several recent studies have focused on the potential of essential oils to act as protectants to neurological disorders. Some of these studies have focused specifically on the anti-oxidant effects of essential oils, where oxidation (the destruction or alteration of biological molecules by other potentially damaging molecules containing certain forms of oxygen) plays a role. Other studies have shown that essential oils can keep the mind sharp by preventing the breakdown of Acetylcholine - the primary neurotransmitter involved in the processing of information in the brain.

Essential oils can be used in a number of ways to mimic these studies. Diffusing essential oils has been noted by some researchers to improve test scores in a variety of situations -- this effect can potentially be related to the acetylcholine-enhancing properties of the oils. This is the simple diffusion of the oils in the air to the point where their aroma is recognized but not overwhelming. Other studies imply that some oils can be used internally -- ie. ingested in small amounts. This of course should only be done with a thorough understanding of the correct dosages (which are VERY small).

Here are two studies that investigate the use of essential oils as antioxidants, and their protective effects on neurons. Other studies involving the acetylcholine neurotransmitter can be found here.

Study: Protective Effects of the Essential Oil of Salvia fruticosa (Greek Sage) and Its Constituents on Astrocytic Susceptibility to Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Death.

Elmann A, Mordechay S, Rindner M, Larkov O, Elkabetz M, Ravid U. Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathologic processes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, protect neurons from reactive oxygen species (ROS), and any damage to them will affect neuronal survival. This study compares the ability of essential oils prepared from different herbs and spices to protect cultured primary brain astrocytes from H2O2-induced death. The results show that the essential oil of Salvia fruticosa (Sf) among the tested essential oils demonstrated remarkable protective activity. The protective effect of Sf could be attributed to alpha-humulene and alpha-pinene. Following incubation, alpha-humulene and trans-beta-caryophyllene could be found in the cytosol of astrocytes. It is proposed that Sf, by attenuating H2O2-induced cell death, might be used as a functional food or may be offered as a means of therapy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Study: Neuroprotective efficacy and therapeutic window of curcuma oil: in rat embolic stroke model.

Dohare P, Garg P, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Ray M. Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box no 173, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, UP, 226001, India . preetidohare13@gmail.com

BACKGROUND: Among the naturally occurring compounds, turmeric from the dried rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa has long been used extensively as a condiment and a household remedy all over Southeast Asia. Turmeric contains essential oil, yellow pigments (curcuminoids), starch and oleoresin. The present study was designed for investigating the neuroprotective efficacy and the time window for effective therapeutic use of Curcuma oil (C. oil - ed. note: Curcuma or Turmeric essential oil). METHOD: In the present study, the effect of post ischemic treatment of C.oil after ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat was observed. C.oil (500 mg/kg body wt) was given 4 hrs post ischemia. The significant effect on lesion size as visualized by using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neuroscore was still evident when treatment was started 4 hours after insult. Animals were assessed for behavioral deficit scores after 5 and 24 hours of ischemia. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed for evaluation of infarct and edema volumes and other parameters. RESULTS: C.oil ameliorated the ischemia induced neurological functional deficits and the infarct and edema volumes measured after 5 and 24 hrs of ischemia. After 24 hrs, immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of iNOS, cytochrome c and Bax/Bcl-2 were altered after the insult, and antagonized by treatment with C.oil. C.oil significantly reduced nitrosative stress, tended to correct the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and also affected caspase-3 activation finally apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Here we demonstrated that iNOS-derived NO produced during ischemic injury was crucial for the up-regulation of ischemic injury targets. C.oil down-regulates these targets this coincided with an increased survival rate of neurons.

DEET Condemmed - Essential Oils Effective as Insect Repellents

2009-09-08T11:09:00.002-06:00

Recent news has confirmed suspicions regarding the health effects of DEET, the world's most commonly used insect repellent. DEET, which is the acronim for the chemical N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide. The chemical has now been implicated in potentially causing damage to the nervous system, and may be particularly harmful to children -- who's developing physiology is more sensitive to chemical toxins.

Essential oils such as Citronella have long been successfully used as insect repellents. Some have been shown significantly more effective than DEET at repelling mosquitos: Catnip essential oil has been noted to be up to 20 times more potent than DEET. Many natural insect repellents employ a blend of essential oils such as Geranium, Cedarwood, Lemon Tea Tree and others. Here are a few studies published by the scientific community confirming the effects of essential oils as mosquito repellents -- your own formulation is particularly easy to make, too. You can simply select the essential oils of your liking, and add them at a fairly strong concentration (7% to 15% total essential oils) to an unscented lotion such as our Jojoba/Coconut cream base.

Study: Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes.

Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Omar Almukhtar University, P.O. Box 919, Elbieda, Libya.

Since ancient times, plant products were used in various aspects. However, their use against pests decreased when chemical products became developed. Recently, concerns increased with respect to public health and environmental security requiring detection of natural products that may be used against insect pests. In this study, 41 plant extracts and 11 oil mixtures were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston), and the filariasis and encephalitis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) using the skin of human volunteers to find out the protection time and repellency.

The five most effective oils were those of Litsea (Litsea cubeba), Cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendron), Niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Violet (Viola odorata), and Catnip (Nepeta cataria), which induced a protection time of 8 h at the maximum and a 100% repellency against all three species. This effect needs, however, a peculiar formulation to fix them on the human skin. (Ed. note: this simply means diluting them in a carrier or unscented lotion).

Study: Repellent activity of essential oils: A review.

Nerio LS, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E.Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, Campus of Zaragocilla, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Chromatography Laboratory, Research Center of Excellence, CENIVAM, Industrial University of Santander Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Currently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control insects and arthropods raises several concerns related to environment and human health. An alternative is to use natural products that possess good efficacy and are environmentally friendly. Among those chemicals, essential oils from plants belonging to several species have been extensively tested to assess their repellent properties as a valuable natural resource. The essential oils whose repellent activities have been demonstrated, as well as the importance of the synergistic effects among their components are the main focus of this review.

Essential oils are volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups, and their repellent activity has been linked to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. However, in some cases, these chemicals can work synergistically, improving their effectiveness. In addition, the use of other natural products in the mixture, such as vanillin, could increase the protection time, potentiating the repellent effect of some essential oils. Among the plant families with promising essential oils used as repellents, Cymbopogon spp., Ocimum spp. and Eucalyptus spp. are the most cited. Individual compounds present in these mixtures with high repellent activity include alpha-pinene, limonene, citronellol, citronellal, camphor and thymol. Finally, although from an economical point of view synthetic chemicals are still more frequently used as repellents than essential oils, these natural products have the potential to provide efficient, and safer repellents for humans and the environment.

Pain Relief from Essential Oils: Using Helichrysum

2009-08-28T10:10:00.001-06:00

One of the most challenging aspects of finding a good pain reliever is that they so often have significant drawbacks: they can be bad for the liver, they're addictive, they only mask the pain temporarily, or they just don't make you feel good. Well here's a suggestion: for decades, the essential oil from a little yellow flower called Helichrysum italicum has been successfully used in Europe for profound pain relief. It's easy to use, safe, and readily available. Aromatherapy isn't just about aromas! It's really about the branch of natural medicine dealing with the volatile extracts of plants, many of which are complex healing chemicals. And Helichrysum is fast becoming one of the most popular of these oils -- and not because of its aroma, but because of its fast pain relieving action.

Pain Relief for Everyone

The pure essential oil steam distilled from the flowers of the Helicrhysum italicum plant is really an absolutely remarkable healing agent. Not just compared to natural medicines, but compared to ALL pain relieving medicines available today. It is safe, effective, has no addiction potential and very easy-to-use. Pain relief reported by most users happens nearly instantly -- certainly within minutes of application. The oil is listed in 'Essential Oil Safety' as non-toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitizing. It is regularly prescribed for undiluted application to the skin (where very few other essential oils are). Most conservatively, the oil is sometimes said to be avoided during pregnancy, and by young children -- but this warning is not found in today's most advanced aromatherapy texts. The only other concern is of the oils helpful anticoagulant properties, and is sometimes contraindicated if one is taking blood thinning medication. The amounts absorbed for pain relief are exceptionally small. However, if your situation is questionable, check with a health professional before use, but know that the essential oil is considered to be exceptionally safe for the vast majority of the population.

A Look at the Chemistry: Why Helichrysum Works

Essential oils are evaluated using a process called Gas Chromatography. This test tells the us what the oil is made of -- and essential oils are really interesting: they're made of all KINDS of different natural chemicals. Within Helichrysum essential oil, one finds chemicals naturally made by the plant's flowers that 1) reduce inflammation and act as chelators (they can remove unwatned toxins), 2) prevent bruising and blood clots, 3) relax tight muscles and connective tissue, and 4) stimulate cellular regeneration. All in one oil! And it's these components that work together to offer pain relief -- in a big way. Aspirin, for example, is a blood thinner and anti-inflammate. Together, these actions produce its pain relief. Helichrysum is a far more complex natural substance, that not just masks pain, but actually addresses the cellular physiology that is causing it.

What Kind of Pain Can it Help?

What sorts of pain can be addressed using this essential oil? Helichrysum is topically applied , and as such works for virtually all pain in the muscular-skeletal system: Muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments. All kinds of back pain and neck pain can be helped, as are traumatic injuries such as bruises, sprains and strains. Helichrysum is excellent to have around the house of sports enthusiasts -- one 42 year old hockey player in Boulder, Colorado refers to it as 'the magic oil' for all the beating-up he takes in the rink. Arthritis can be helped too (warming oils like Ginger and Black Pepper can be blended with it, if warming helps the condition). It's safety and efficacy is really remarkable: nearly every form of pain seems to respond positively to Helichrysum essential oil application, whereas the oil has only one commonly-noted warning. As it acts as a blood thinner, those taking blood thinning medication should consult their physician before using, and the oil should never be applied to open wounds as to not interfere with coagulation.

How to Properly Use the Oil For Best Results

There are essentially two unique conditions which determine the way the essential oil is used: whether the injury or pain is Acute (just occurred) or Chronic (has been present for some time, and is not obviously healing). For acute cases, like one has JUST twisted an ankle, banged a knee, or burned themselves, Helichrysum is applied 'neat', or directly from the bottle at 100% strength. This gets the most amount of oil delivered to the area as quickly as possible. Once an injury is not getting worse, or the condition or pain has been present for some time, Helichrysum is often diluted to about 20% in an oil that acts as a 'massage' base. Helichrysum and this 'carrier' oil (Jojoba is commonly used) are then frequently massaged-in.

In most cases of chronic pain, diluting in another 'carrier' oil -- like Sweet Almond, Jojoba, or even Olive oil -- will 'extend' the Helichrysum, and can help improve its effects over a larger area. If using for the entire mid-back area for example, one can dilute one part Helichrysum into 5 or even 10 parts Jojoba oil and massage-in as frequently as necessary. Making our own formulation is very easy to do. It is recommended to start of with lower dilutions and work your way up only if necessary; this helps you conserve the precious oil by only using as much as required for the desired results. Forty drops of Helicrysum in each ounce of carrier oil will create an approximate 5 percent dilution; eighty drops for a 10 percent dilution; etc.

Making A Custom Recipe

There are many other essential oils that will add to the therapeutic action of your mixture, should you choose to make one. Ginger and Pepper are excellent choices if you'd like a warming action, helpful in many cases of arthritis -- these oils can bring more blood to the area, improving circulation and flexibility. Peppermint is also used for the same reason, but actually adds a bit of a cooling sensation. German Chamomile or Blue Tansy at one or two percent concentrations can enhance the anti-inflammatory action. Some folks choose Wintergreen or Birch essential oils, as they are made up of methyl salicylate, or 'liquid aspirin'. Care should be used with these oils, however, as they are in a class of oils that are considered toxic if over-used; they should absolutely be kept out of reach of children, and employed only as much as necessary to give the desired effect.

Getting The Right Kind of Oil

The essential oil and its actions discussed here come from only one of the 500 or so Helichrysum species. When seeking the essential oil, look specifically for one that says 'italicum' -- this is crucial! It is only this type that has the important natural blend of chemicals that impart the pain relieving and healing actions. Further, the oil can be a bit expensive. It may be helpful to consider it in relation to other pain relieving medications -- and consider that only drops are needed at a time. If working on one's neck, for example, you can imagine that only a little liquid is needed to cover and support the painful spots. No need to use more than necessary; and dilute when appropriate, as this will also conserve the oil. Once you've experienced the effects, and get a hand of its use, you probably find the oil is one of nature's great gifts. Finally, do be sure to check with your doctor if you are under care for any condition before using Helichrysum essential oil -- let them know how you'll be using it, the amounts applied and how often. The safe use of this excellent essential oil will certainly produce the best results!

Study Confirms Antiviral Effect of Whole Essential Oils

2009-08-07T18:39:00.002-06:00

A study just released in the Journal of Phytotherapy research affirms the antiviral action of essential oils of Eucalyptus, Tea Tree and Thyme. The study brings up two important points:

Essential oils are effective in destroying the Herpes Simplex Virus. The effects of essential oils such Melissa, Tea Tree, Geranium and Hyssop have a significant body of research describing the effect against this particular virus.

The Herpes Virus is far and away the most studied, likely as so many folks are in need of treatment. At the same time, it would be very interesting to see more studies on essential oils for treatment of Influenza types. There's no reason the same effects wouldn't be found -- it would be helpful to have scientific backing as to which oils work best for which viruses. (Though Aroma-Medicine doctors have a pretty good idea -- you will find descriptions of antiviral activity for many essential oils on the web).
The final line of the abstract indicates the power of the natural synergy of essential oils. It is noted that the whole Tea Tree oil is ten times more effective than any of the single isolated compounds, with lower toxicity. Proponents of natural medicine have always held this to be the case of pure essential oils, and other plant-based medicines.

Study: Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils.

Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Department of Virology, Hygiene Institute, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Essential oils are complex natural mixtures, their main constituents, e.g. terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being responsible for their biological properties. Essential oils from eucalyptus, tea tree and thyme and their major monoterpene compounds alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro.

These essential oils were able to reduce viral infectivity by >96%, the monoterpenes inhibited HSV by about >80%. The mode of antiviral action has been determined, only moderate antiviral effects were revealed by essential oils and monoterpenes when these drugs were added to host cells prior to infection or after entry of HSV into cells. However, both essential oils and monoterpenes exhibited high anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles.

All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles thereby inactivating viral infection. Among the analysed compounds, monoterpene hydrocarbons were slightly superior to monoterpene alcohols in their antiviral activity, alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol revealed the highest selectivity index. However, mixtures of different monoterpenes present in natural tea tree essential oil revealed a ten-fold higher selectivity index and a lower toxicity than its isolated single monoterpenes.

Essential Oils and Cancer: A Review of Published Scientific Studies

2009-08-05T21:05:00.002-06:00

Aroma Medicine Is Gaining Acceptance

The practice of 'aroma medicine', rather than the somewhat more vague 'aromatherapy', is making very strong gains in the United States. The primary reasons are twofold: Many individuals have become completely disenchanted with our current conventional medical system. We're paying HUGE amounts of money for very questionable therapies -- with many medicines having threatening health warnings (are these making us sicker while making us 'better'?) accompanying their high price tags. At the same time, people are realizing the value of 'traditional' medicines may be far greater than they've been lead to believe. That the healing power available in properly prescribed and employed natural medicines have the potential to not only alleviate the symptoms of an illness, but move the body to an equilibrium of long term health.

The Medical Uses of Essential Oils

Research into the area of medicinal applications of essential oils has been significant in recent years. Many oils have been proven to have significant antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal action. Now, the body of evidence of essential oils being strongly anti-tumorial, with specific anti-cancer action is growing, too. A search of Pub Med, the National Institute of Health's online research database produces 391 results for the search 'essential oils cancer' and 444 results for 'essential oil tumor'. MANY of the studies show a direct correlation in tumor and cancer cell line eradication with the use of essential oils. A great many have conclusions that indicate the studies results warrant further investigation of essential oils for the development of accepted therapies. Here's a review of some very promising results:

Frankincense Essential Oil Targets Cancer Cells

A study in the journal BioMed Central journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, March 2009, titled: "Frankincense oil derived from Boswellia carteri induces tumor cell specific cytotoxicity" concludes with: "Frankincense oil appears to distinguish cancerous from normal bladder cells and suppress cancer cell viability. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis proposed multiple pathways that can be activated by frankincense oil to induce bladder cancer cell death. Frankincense oil might represent an alternative intravesical agent for bladder cancer treatment." ...while a bit technical, this is very, very promising -- essentially saying that this easily obtained, inexpensive, NON-TOXIC natural compound can eradicate cancer cells without harming normal, healthy cells in the same organ. Frankincense has a long, long history of medicinal use, and searching for 'frankincense cancer' produces 30 results just for this material. If choosing an essential oil of Frankincense, the 'carteri' species has been the subject of most research, with cold-process Carbon Dioxide distilled oils considered the most therapeutic (seek CO2 or SCO2 distilled oils or extracts).

Lemongrass Essential Oil Induces Cancer Cell Death

Lemongrass, after Frankincense, may next most commonly researched essential oil for anti-cancer activity. In the May 2009 journal of Chemico-Biological Interactions, researchers tested Lemongrass essential oil against 12 human cancer cell lines. Colon cancer and neuron cancer cell lines were found most susceptible to the essential oil. The study concluded: "Our results indicate that the oil has a promising anticancer activity and causes loss in tumor cell viability by activating the apoptotic process as identified by electron microscopy." This indicates that Lemongrass may induce natural cell death of cancer cells (apoptotic process), a process that is inherently dysfunctional in cancer cells.

Sweet Linalool for Liver Cancer

Linalool is a very common essential oil constituent. Essential oils are naturally made up of many individual chemical constituents, and linalool is a sweet, relaxing aromatic found in many floral and sweeter spice essential oils. Linalool itself, separated from the essential oil of Coriander (Cilantro seeds) was the subject of research published in the June 2009 issue of the journal of Chemico-Biological interactions. Linalool was found to completely eradicate the HepG2 liver cancer cell line in VERY low concentrations. Linalool has a great many other effects, having been shown to lower anxiety and even significantly improve sleep. And now it even has anti-cancer effects! So even if one is notle directly targeting cancer, but using aromatherapy in a more 'casual' application, there may be important protective effects occurring at the same time.
Skin cancer is a major concern for many folks, and a series of studies have shown Sandalwood to be effective at preventing tumor development. Alpha-santalol, a component also shown to have anti-anxiety and sleep enhancing action, may be the constituent to which most of these effects may be attributed. This is fortunate, as Sandalwood from India is becoming more rare and expensive, though Sandalwood from Australia and other South Pacific islands is still readily available. A study published in the European Journal of Cancer Prevention, a formula used for containing just 5% Sandalwood essential oil used before exposure to toxins significantly reduced the formation of skin cancer tumors. A study published in January 2008 in the Journal of Anitcancer Research showed a significant reduction in tumor development in skin exposed to UVB radiation -- Sandalwood would make an excellent addition to a pre-sun body or face care formula.

The Powerful Protection of Spice Oils

Components of Thyme and Oregano essential oils have been shown to actually protect human DNA strands from breaking when exposed to extreme oxidative stress. DNA damage is a leading cause of cancer development, as this can lead to an abnormal cell life cycle, essentially turning off the process of natural cell death. Carvacrol and Thymol were singled out in a study by Slovakian researchers in 2007, though they also note that other components of these oils may have chemoprotective effects as well. Other spice essential oils that have demonstrated cancer preventative effects include Ginger, Tumeric, Basil, Garlic and Sage.

Essential Oils Offer Immune System Support

Beyond the direct effects on tumor cells, essential oils have been shown to positively effect the immune system on a chemical level. They can enhance the activity of white blood cells, making them more efficient and removing foreign material and microbes from the body. This would likely result in more effective cancer outcomes. Futher, there's the psychological component of any disease, and many essential oils have demonstrated anti-stress activity in scientific investigations.

Essential Oils as Anti Cancer Agents for the Future

So, like many plant medicines, essential oils work on a number of levels for many diseases, with cancer being one of them. While its important to recognize that essential oil use is in-fact contra-indicated during chemotherapy (as they may reduce the cytotoxic effects of the treatment), they can certainly be an integral part of any cancer preventative protocol. For any application where an individual has already been diagnosed with the illness, it is important to check with their physician to ensure essential oils and aroma-medicine is an appropriate choice. The overall picture is very bright for the use of essential oils in cancer treatment, and further investigation is certainly warranted by the scientific and medical communities for the development of effective medical protocols for this profoundly life-altering condition.

Essential Oil Composition Affected by Plant Growing Conditions

2009-07-29T15:13:00.002-06:00

Research published in April 2009 delved into the relationship between the chemistry of essential oils and the growing conditions of the plants from which they were distilled. We had just made a post regarding the chemistry of Helichrysum essential oil, and how the oil distilled from plants grown on the French island of Corsica have the most healing chemical profile.

This research was done on Helichrysum italicum specifically, using 48 plants grown in different locations and harvested at different times. The researchers evaluated the levels of 28 natural chemical constituents in the essential oil, and how these varied with changes in growing conditions. The results seem to indicate that soil chemistry was the most affecting factor in determining the essential oil constituent profile.

Helichrysum grown on the island of Corsica has long been considered the most healing of all Helichrysum varieties. We HAVE seen exceptional quality oil produced in the United States using genetics of the Corsican plants -- and it is likely that the soil these plants were grown in was very similar to that found in the moist Mediterranean regions. The Corsican oil contains the the highest levels of Neryl Acetate, the anti-spasmodic component of the oil. On a more esoteric level, this is the 'water' element coming through in the oil, which supports the musculature becoming more fluid.

Partitioning the relative contributions of inorganic plant composition and soil characteristics to the quality of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. essential oil.

Bianchini A, Santoni F, Paolini J, Bernardini AF, Mouillot D, Costa J.CNRS UMR-6134 SPE, Universit� de Corse, Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels, Corti.

Composition of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum essential oil showed chemical variability according to vegetation cycle, environment, and geographic origins. In the present work, 48 individuals of this plant at different development stages and the corresponding root soils were sampled: i) 28 volatile components were identified and measured in essential oil by using GC and GC/MS; ii) ten elements from plants and soils have been estimated using colorimetry in continuous flux, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, or emission spectrometry (FAAS/FAES); iii) texture and acidity (real and potential) of soil samples were also reported. Relationships between the essential-oil composition, the inorganic plant composition, and the soil characteristics (inorganic composition, texture, and acidity) have been established using multivariate analysis such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and partial Redundancy Analysis (RDA). This study demonstrates a high level of intraspecific differences in oil composition due to environmental factors and, more particularly, soil characteristics.

Essential Oils as Antibiotics: Research Updates

2009-07-22T16:50:00.003-06:00

French researchers at the Antibiology Laboratory, CHU Hospital Nord, Saint-Etienne, have just published data on the antibacterial action of several essential oils against a variety of microbe strains. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential of essential oils in treatment of nosocomial infections -- those that tend to occurr in hospitals that are secondary to the patient's original ailment or condition.

Published in the 'Letters of Applied Microbiology', the study concluded the strongest antibacterial oils are those from cinnamon bark and oregano. These have always been considered the most broad-spectrum antibactierial essential oils, with the lowest MIC, or 'minimum inhibitory concentration' required to eradictate the bacterial strain being tested. Aromatherapists sometimes consider using these oils 'the shotgun approach', being a little strong for most people to use without very strict guidelines or naturopathic support.

The best choices for antibacterial use of essential oils is the targeted use of the most appropriate oil for the bacteria involved. Dr. Kurt Schnaubelt in Advanced Aromatherapy offers an excellent chart of the effects of a great many essential oils on certain bacteria. Also of interest is the use of broad spectrum antibacterial blends (such as Purify). While their are no data yet to support their use, they are more than likely the better route for fortifying the immune system to defend against bacterial invaders. The addition of oils like Eucalyptus and Rosemary, while NOT strong antibiotics when tested in the laboratory, are very important as they HAVE been shown to directly enhance the workings of immune system cells.

Study: Comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 essential oils against strains with varying sensitivity to antibiotics.

Mayaud L, Carricajo A, Zhiri A, Aubert G.Antibiology Laboratory, CHU Hospital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France.

AIMS: To compare the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 chemotyped essential oils (EO) on 65 bacteria with varying sensitivity to antibiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-five bacterial strains were tested with two methods used for evaluation of antimicrobial activity (CLSI recommendations): the agar dilution method and the time-killing curve method. EO containing aldehydes (Cinnamomum verum bark and Cymbopogon citratus), phenols (Origanum compactum, Trachyspermum ammi, Thymus satureioides, Eugenia caryophyllus and Cinnamomum verum leaf) showed the highest antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) <2%> or = 10% (v/v). Against P. aeruginosa, only C. verum bark and O. compactum presented MIC < or =2% (v/v). Cinnamomum verum bark, O. compactum, T. satureioides, C. verum leaf and M. alternifolia were bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at concentrations ranging from to 0.31% to 10% (v/v) after 1 h of contact. Cinnamomum verum bark and O. compactum were bactericidal against P. aeruginosa within 5 min at concentrations <2% (v/v). CONCLUSIONS: Cinnamomum verum bark had the highest antimicrobial activity, particularly against resistant strains. Significance AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of EO on nosocomial antibiotic-resistant strains.

The Chemistry of Helichrysum Essential Oil

2009-07-22T06:55:00.004-06:00

Helichrysum is one of our favorite essential oils, as it has such immediate, profound pain relieving and healing effects for most folks who use it. The particular species of Helichrysum italicum, also known as Everlasting or Immortelle, is the most broadly therapeutic of the 500 Helichrysum species -- and the sub species (spp) of serotinum is considered particularly special. The reason has to do with the chemistry of the oil, and here we'll have a look at the special natural chemistry of the Helichrysum italicum species.

Inflammation Reduction

Helichrysum has the properties of being anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and regenerative all in the same oil. The anti-inflammatory effects can be attributed to the curcumenes present in the oil. Curcumenes have recently been very prominent in the field of natural nutrition, as the extract of the spice Tumeric, called 'curcumin' has become popular as an anti-inflammatory supplement. The supplement is considered helpful not only for joint inflammation and pain, but as an all-around anti-aging supplement as well. Many Helichrysum italicum species contain a significant quantity of 'gamma' curcumene, providing an excellent anti-inflammatory effect.

Anti-Spasmodic / Muscle Relaxant

The first place where the 'serotinum' sub species shines is in the area of relieving tight muscles. Much back and neck pain, for example, is the result of the muscles being chronically cramped. Helicrysum contains a natural chemical called 'neryl acetate' which acts to relax these cramped muscles. Many Helichryum italicum essential oils contain in the range of 5% to 15% neryl acetate. The essential oil of the serotinum sub species contains in the range of 25% to 50% neryl acetate, with any amount over 30% being considered a very high-quality oil.

The serotinum sub species is found almost exclusively to be grown on the French island of Corsica. There's something about the soft coastal air that produces some of the finest Helichrysum plants in the world. There have been producers of this sub species in the United States, though the total quantities of essential oil produced have been relatively small. Helichrysum italicum is also grown in Italy, Serbia-Montenegro, Bosnia and elsewhere in South-Eastern Europe. These locations produce excellent oils, though they do not have the same balance of neryl acetate, and the regenerative constituents explained next...

The third unique aspect of the essential oil is due to the regenerative nature of the 'di-ketones' found almost exclusively in Helichrysum. The di-ketones are thought to signal tissues of the body to regenerate, and Helichrysum italicum is included in many formulas for wound healing and scar reduction. The di-ketone level is especially high again in the serotinum sub species grown on the island of Corsica. Levels of these di-ketones can exceed 11% of the total makeup of the essential oil.

Helichrysum essential oil is considered exceptionally safe, being one of the only oils indicated for topical application at 100% strength for acute conditions. It is also considered important aromatically, having an uplifting, emotionally-stabilizing effect. Interestingly, Helichrysum oil does not have a wonderful aroma when first distilled, and needs to 'air-out' for some time after distillation to evolve into a wonderful aromatic. The change in aroma does not have an effect on the physically-healing properties of the oil -- but at first, some folks find the aroma not all that interesting, then once it has aged, it can be very deeply complex and pleasant.

AntiViral Essential Oil Review

2009-07-20T07:08:00.002-06:00

'Anti-viral essential oils' is a popular subject on the web. Here's a quick look at the most highly recommended antiviral essential oils used in aroma-medicine:

Hyssop - Hyssop essential oil is unique in its chemical makeup, a feature which gives it a very broad range of effects. Hyssop contains 7 of the 9 major chemical classes found in essential oils. The Hyssop officinalis decumbens variety is considered safe but very effective (other Hyssop chemotypes are high in certain ketones which should generally be avoided). Its camphorus, herbaceous aroma is somewhat medicinal, but not unpleasant. An excellent choice for diffuser use, or diluted and massaged into lymph nodes or above and below the balls of the feet.

Ravensara - similar to Eucalyptus with a high Cineol content (indicated for respiratory conditions) though much more chemically complex. Battagila says in the Complete Book of Aromatherapy: "Its tolerability and strong antiviral action make it the oil of choice for the treatment of influenza."

Melissa - this herb has a wide variety of effects. It yields a small amount of precious essential oil, one of aromatherapy's favorites. The essential oil has been studied significantly for treatment of HSV-1 and 2, with statements being made by German researchers that use of the oil can cause complete remission of Herpes Simplex. It seems to have a wonderful effect on the immune system, contributing not only by actually eradicating certain viruses, but in a more holistic way as well. Only very low concentrations of the oil are necessary for use - some say dilutions as low as 1:100 will be completely effective.

Thyme c.t. Linalool - Thyme has long been used to treat infectious illness, and is indicated for treatment of Influenza, and flu-like symptoms. Thyme c.t. linalool contains Thymol and Carvacrol - the same constituents found in the heavy-hitter Oregano oil, with of course 'linalool', the sweeter component of the oil. Linalool itself has been shown to have anti-viral action.

Sweet Basil - The oil from Ocimum basilicum herb has been used medicinally for centuries. Several of the compounds in Basil have been positively studied for anti-viral activity, including ursolic acid. apigenin and linalool. Sweet Basil is a wonderful aromatic, and is listed on the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list from the FDA as being safe to ingest in small amounts. We would consider this to be one or two drops at a time, a few times per day.

Bay Laurel - Bay Laurel, also known as Laurel Leaf or Laurus Nobilis was the subject of an Italian study in 2008 which noted 'intesting activity against SARS-CoV, the virus known to cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Many of the components of Bay Laurel are found in other herb/spice oils such as Rosemary. Bay Laurel is also on the GRAS list, safe for ingestion in small amounts. As with other oils mentioned here, it can be diffused to disinfect the air in your living or office space.

This is only a short list of essential oils considered to have antiviral properties. Many studies have focused on the Herpes Simplex virus, as the efficacy of treatments is easy to evaluate. However, an in-depth look at the research abstracts available through Pub Med can give you a more complete look at up to date scientific data. A search for 'essential oil virus' currently yields 90 results. Also, as it is typically difficult for one to precisely determine the type of virus one may be attempting to eradicate, or prevent infection from, a blend of antiviral oils is often advised. Mixing oils listed here, and listed elsewhere on the web, is fun to do, and can result in a wonderful diffuser blend, or a mixture for other more intensive applications.